results the results showed that children with a higher weight z-score spend more time in sedentary activities and less time running or involved in active games. scd-1 activity index, arachidonic/linoleic index, and adipocyte volume were significantly higher in children with a weight z-score greater than 0. the preadipocyte number and the genetic expression of the studied genes did not differ be...

Obesity occurs when an excessive dietary fat intake leads to expansion of adipose tissue, which mainly consists of adipocytes that arise from proliferating and differentiating adipose stem cells, the preadipocytes. Obesity is a consequence of both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Knowledge about preadipocyte differentiation is relatively well established, whereas the mechanism responsible...

Glucocorticoids have been proposed to be both adipogenic and lipolytic in action within adipose tissue, although it is unknown whether these actions can occur simultaneously. Here we investigate both the in vitro and in vivo effects of corticosterone (Cort) on adipose tissue metabolism. Cort increased 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not increase ...

Obesity-related insulin resistance is linked to a chronic state of systemic and adipose tissue-derived inflammation. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone also acting on adipocytes. We investigated whether GIP affects inflammation, lipolysis, and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. Human subcutaneous preadipocyte-derived adipocytes, differentiated in vitr...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that activates cell proliferation, differentiation and migration via the activation of its membrane-bound receptors (LPAR 1 to 6) expressed in various tissues and organs. Adipose tissue produces LPA, which, in turn, increases preadipocyte proliferation, mainly through the stimulation of LPA1R. However, while LPA plasma levels increase with...

Glucocorticoid excess causes visceral obesity and its accompanying insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Glucocorticoids enhance preadipocyte (PA) differentiation and increase their aromatase activity (oestrogen production) and there is regional variability in these PA processes. Therefore, we studied human PAs for the presence of, and any regional or gender differences in, glucoco...

Expansion of adipose tissue mass results from increased number and size of adipocyte cells. We hypothesized that subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes in obese individuals might have an intrinsically higher propensity to differentiate into adipocytes. Thus we investigated the relationship between obesity and the level of in vitro preadipocyte differentiation in Pima Indians. Subcutaneous abdomin...

OBJECTIVE Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) has been shown to increase adiposity in experimentally infected chickens, mice, and marmosets (nonhuman primates). Neutralizing antibodies to Ad-36 are associated with obesity in humans. The metabolic and molecular mechanisms responsible for Ad-36-induced adipogenesis are unknown. As a potential adipogenic mechanism, this study examined if Ad-36 enhanced differen...

We investigated the in vivo effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on subcutaneous adipose tissue from heavy pigs to clarify the involvement of possibly different causative effects in the established antiadipogenic effect of CLA. Pigs [n = 36; initial body weight, 106 kg live weight (LW)] were assigned to 1 of 2 LW-matched groups supplemented with either 0 or 0.75% of a CLA preparati...