The morphology of red blood cells was studied in 30 patients with severe liver cirrhosis, in 10 patients with extrahepatic jaundice, and in 10 control subjects. In all the patients with extrahepatic jaundice more than 30% of red blood cells were target cells with increased resistance to osmotic lysis. In 12 patients with liver cirrhosis more than 30% of red blood cells were spur cells. The chol...

Background: Many patients experience difficulties in following treatment recommendations. This study's objective is to identify nonadherence risk profiles regarding medication (antidepressants, antihypertensives, and oral hypoglycemics) from a combination of patients' socio-demographic characteristics, morbidity presented within general practice and medication characteristics. An additional obj...

Apoptosis promoters spur cell division T wo cell-killing proteins also have a nurturing side, say Russell Jones, Craig Thompson (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), and colleagues. Although the proteins prod lymphocytes to commit suicide, they also prompt the cells to proliferate—and might do the same for a variety of cell types. The two proteins, Bax and Bak, are part of the apoptot...

Authors Yu. I. Manin and V. V. Schechtman developed the theory of “higher Bruhat orders,” presenting a family of combinatorial objects closely related to the symmetric group. In particular, the two authors define a series of ranked posets which generalize the weak left Bruhat order; their construction has found applications in geometry and representation theory. In this paper, we define a simil...

We show that equity market liberalizations, on average, lead to a 1% increase in annual real economic growth. The effect is robust to alternative definitions of liberalization and does not reflect variation in the world business cycle. The effect also remains intact when an exogenous measure of growth opportunities is included in the regression. We find that capital account liberalization also ...

Spur cell anemia may occur in severe liver disease including alcoholic cirrhosis. Spur cell anemia red blood cells (RBCs) have a characteristic morphology, with irregular projections, an increased ratio of membrane cholesterol (Ch) to phospholipid, evidence of oxidative damage, and shortened survival resulting in hemolytic anemia. Normal RBCs may acquire many of the features of spur cells eithe...

precision forging process is widely used for the production of spur gears due to its advantages such asimproved strength and surface finish, little waste of materials and reduction in the machining time ofthe gear. an important aspect of precision forging process is the load required to perform the processsuccessfully and design the forging tools. in this research, a new kinematically admissibl...

After total knee replacement a 57-year-old woman developed increasing pain in her left calf on exercise. This was due to erosion of the popliteal artery by a spur of cement. Removal of the spur with resection and Dacron grafting of the damaged section of the vessel cured her symptoms.