introduction: the dorsal striatum plays an important role in the control of motor activity and learning processes within the basal ganglia circuitry. furthermore, recent works have suggested functional differentiation between subregions of the dorsal striatum methods: the present study examined the effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsomedial striatum on motor behavior and learn...

Introduction: Consumption of vitamin D3 is effective to reduce intensity of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Neurons of the central nervous system are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species and these factors play a key role in the destruction of myelin and damage of axons. The hippocampus is a vital center for learning and memory in central nervous system. This area is ...

      Diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of learning and memory and cognitive functioning. Aegle marmelos Corr. from Rutaceae family, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It decreases blood glucose level by improving glucose tolerance and also has lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties. Considering the beneficial antidiabetic...

Background: Sex steroids and their receptors exist in hippocampus and affect spatial learning and memory. This study was designed to measure testosterone level of CA1 and to assess the effect of spatial learning on its amount in left and right hippocampus of adult male rats. Methods: Sixteen rats were divided into two intact and castrated groups, and then trained in Morris water maze (MWM). An...

introduction: origanum vulgare a rich source of natural phenolic antioxidants and has potential to be a source nutritional ingredients for functional food. herbs such as origanum have long been used in food preservation d in traditional medicine in the treatment of common ailments and have potential for positive modulation oxidation-linked diseases such as diabetes. here we investigated the eff...

background: the effect of ovariectomy and accompanying sudden loss of circulating gonad hormones on spatial learning performance in the young adult rats was examined. we hypothesized that spatial learning and memory in a considerable number of women who undergo a surgical menopause and estrogen deprivation before their natural menopause be impaired. methods: in this study, we used 26 wistar rat...

background: testosterone and its metabolites have important roles in learning and memory. the current study has conducted to assess the effect of pre-training, post-training and pre-probe trial intrahippocampal ca1 administration of 3 alpha-anderostanediol (one of the metabolites of testosterone) and indomethacin (as 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme blocker) on acquisition, consolida...

introduction: the brain renin-angiotensin system (ras) has been reported having a pathological role in age-related impairment in learning and memory. therefore, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) are expected to have positive effects on memory. longtime treatment with captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) significantly attenuates the age-related impairment in learn...