Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and the launch of market reforms under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership in 1978, China has undergone dramatic changes that have affected the lives of Chinese citizens in multiple ways. With the step-by-step dismantling of China’s system of centrally planned socialism and other reforms, growth rates have accelerated, producing rising living standards, reduced pove...

Despite the putative importance of ideological commitments in the evolution of large-scale cooperation among unrelated individuals, evolutionary researchers have yet to examine empirically the relationship between ideology and cooperation. We conduct an experimental game on Israeli kibbutz members to evaluate whether: (1) differences in ideological commitment can explain variation in cooperatio...

In the absence of an established city planning strategy, initial post-war urban development SFRY was founded on principles CIAM?s ?Functional City?, which soon proved inadequate in responding to individual user needs and reflecting collective interests young socialist state. This paper positions search for a new spatial expression state within global architectural discourse second half twentiet...

This paper investigates changes in the spatial structure and explores link between initial shape other characteristics of city-regions Poland heterogeneity urban structure. Shifting attention to former socialist country offers an opportunity illuminate a rapid systemic political–economic transition development city-regions. The results suggest that increasing polycentricity is not main trend Po...

Preface It felt like the last chance. Fidel Castro, because of his illness, was no longer the official head of state and it seemed as though Cuba was ready for transition. Four years had passed since my last visit to Havana, and I expected some change. After a lot of unnecessary anxiety and two passes over my destination in the circuitous route from Philadelphia to Cuba via Kingston, I was met ...

social rights is set of rights and supports that through which the welfare, prosperity and welfare to peak and lack of well-being reaches a minimum.. whereas in western systems, pro-government social rights new born and emerged dice the model socialist state& with the aim of deter the masses from resorting to socialist revolution, islam from the very early formation of their, been noted importa...

After the Liberation by Mao Ze Dong's Communist army in 1949, China experienced massive social and economic change. The dramatic reductions in mortality and morbidity of the next two decades were brought about through improvements in socioeconomic conditions, an emphasis on prevention, and almost universal access to basic health care. The economic mismanagement of the Great Leap Forward brought...