background and aims. one of the most common reasons for the inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia failure is the variation in mandibular foramen location. the aim of this study was to assess the location of mandibular foramen in children with mandibular retrognathism in comparison to children with normal skeletal occlusion in the mixed dentition. materials and methods. one hundred and twenty...

Integration of muscle, connective tissue and skeletal patterning during development is essential for proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system. How this integration is achieved is poorly understood. There is ample evidence suggesting that skeletal pattern is programmed autonomously, whereas muscle pattern is, for the most part, programmed non-cell-autonomously. Connective tissues depend ...

The skeleton as an organ is widely distributed throughout the entire vertebrate body. Wnt signaling has emerged to play major roles in almost all aspects of skeletal development and homeostasis. Because abnormal Wnt signaling causes various human skeletal diseases, Wnt signaling has become a focal point of intensive studies in skeletal development and disease. As a result, promising effective t...

FGF18 is a novel growth factor first reported in 1998. Current evidence suggests that FGF18 may play a prominent role in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during skeletal development and growth. However, its function extends to many other biological processes. Although there remains much to be discovered and investigated on the functions and mechanisms of FGF18, it may play a role as a useful the...

The common carp is one of the most important cultivated species in the world of freshwater aquaculture. The cultivation of this species is particularly productive due to its high skeletal muscle mass; however, the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development in the common carp remain unknown. It has been shown that a class of non-coding ∼22 nucleotide RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) play ...

Limb skeletal elements originate from the limb progenitor cells, which undergo expansion and patterning to develop each skeletal element. Posterior-distal skeletal elements, such as the ulna/fibula and posterior digits develop in a Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-dependent manner. However, it is poorly understood how anterior-proximal elements, such as the humerus/femur, the radius/tibia and the anterior ...

This study examines the relationship between measures of skeletal and dental development and socioeconomic factors in a 20th century documented skeletal sample of children from Portugal. The skeletons are of known sex and chronological age, and include other biographic data, such as cause of death. Growth in the length of the long bone is used as a measure of skeletal growth, and schedules of t...

PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to compare the skeletal maturity and activity participation pattern between children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD); and (2) to determine whether activity participation pattern was associated with the skeletal development among children with DCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three children with DCD (mean age: 7.76 years) and 30 typicall...

backgroundsitting on inappropriate benches, as well as the poor posture (body position) during the years of growth, can lead to spinal disorders, fatigue and discomfort in students. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between features of desks and chairs and prevalence of some musculoskeletal disorders in primary school students in abadan.materials and methodsthis cross-sectional s...