During January 1-December 2, 2002, CDC's Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP), which conducts surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) on cruise ships with foreign itineraries sailing into U.S. ports received reports of 21 outbreaks of AGE on 17 cruise ships. Of the 21 outbreaks, nine were confirmed by laboratory analysis of stool specimens from affected persons to be associated with noroviruses...

Economics and energy aspects of food irradiation were also discussed. Disinfestation of bulk grain, of bagged flour, preservation (radunzation) of packaged beef cuis and salmonella elimination from (radicidation of) poultry with electron accelerators, using electron beams or X-rays, were computed to be economically feasible and competitive. Deiailed analyses of the energy requirements of food p...

Traditional ship-building is still widely practiced in Indonesia, Indonesia. Every province and regions has different characteristics in the design of ships in the traditional ships. The procedure to build traditional ships is far from the influence of technology. These provide a weakness on the safety for the design and operation. Current research seeks to promote a better understanding on des...