Particle settling is the process by which particulates move toward bottom of a liquid, can affect sediment transport and energy balance marine systems. However, deficiency in understanding resolved fluid–particle interactions with complex boundaries awaits resolution. This study employs hybrid approach that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) discrete element method (DEM) to fully simul...

We develop an inventory model to determine optimal ordering policy under permissible delay in payment by considering demand rate to be stock dependent. Mathematical models are derived under two different cases: credit period being greater than or equal to cycle time for settling the account, and credit period being less than or equal to cycle time for settling the account. The results are illus...

in this research work, the parameters affecting the settling velocity within the thickeners were studied by introducing an equivalent shape factor. several thickener feed samples of different densities including copper, lead and zinc, and coal were prepared. the settling tests were performed on the samples, and the corresponding settling curves were plotted. using the linear regression analysis...

Density interfaces in the water column are ubiquitously found in oceans and lakes. Interaction of settling particles with pycnoclines plays a pivotal function in nutrient transport between ocean layers and settling rates of marine particles. We perform direct numerical simulations of an elongated particle settling through a density interface and scrutinize the role of stratification on the sett...

We analyse high-resolution archival UVES data of turnoff and subgiant stars in the nearby globular cluster NGC6397 ([Fe/H]≈−2). Balmer-profile analyses are performed to derive reddening-free effective temperatures. Due to the limited S/N and uncertainties related to blaze removal, we find the data quality insufficient to exclude the existence of gravitational settling. If the newly derived effe...

In this paper, the time domain waveform is approximated for calculation of delay, rise, settling time, damping ratio and natural frequency of a second order RLCG on-chip VLSI interconnect line. It can also be evaluated for multiple interconnect systems but due to harmonics higher order systems are ignored. The model is applied to a single RLCG interconnect line which can also be extended for mu...

Background:   After cervical discectomy, autogenetic bone is packed into the cage to increase the rate of union between adjacent vertebral bodies, but donor site–related complications can still occur. In this study we evaluate the use   of hydroxyapatite granules as a substitute for autograft for interbody fusion.     Methods:   From November 2008 to November 2011, 236 patients participated in ...

Dispersed multiphase flows occur in many biological, engineering and geophysical applications such as fluidized beds, soot particle dispersion and pyroclastic flows. Understanding the behavior of suspensions is a very difficult task. Indeed particles may differ in size, shape, density and stiffness, their concentration varies from one case to another, and the carrier fluid may be quiescent or t...

AIMS The absence of standardized methods for quantifying faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in sand hinders comparison of results across studies. The purpose of the study was to compare methods for extraction of faecal bacteria from sands and recommend a standardized extraction technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two methods of extracting enterococci and Escherichia coli from sand were evaluat...

Understanding the annual cycle of Microcystis is essential for managing the blooms of this toxic cyanobacterium. The current work investigated the sedimentation of microcystin-producing Microcystis spp. in three reservoirs from Central Spain during the summer and autumn of 2006 and 2007. We confirmed remarkable settling fluxes during and after blooms ranging 10(6)-10(9) cells m(-2) d(-1), which...