Phototransduction starts with the activation of a rhodopsin (respectively, coneopsin) molecule, located in the outer segment of rod (respectively, cone) photoreceptors. The subsequent amplification pathway proceeds via the G-protein transducin to the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE), a G-protein coupled effector enzyme. In this article, we study the dynamics of PDE activation by constructi...

Theophylline has been reported to inhibit excitatory noncholinergic but not cholinergic-neurotransmission in guinea-pig bronchi. As theophylline might exert this effect through an inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE), and since many types of PDE have now been described, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three specific inhibitors of PDE on the electrical field stimulation...

It is clear that accuracy and execution time are often the main performance objectives of a user of numerical simulation models based on partial differential equations (PDEs). In a PDE computation, accuracy is controlled through the refinement of the grid and the discretization scheme used, while execution time depends on the speed of the targeted machiae and the efficiency of the PDE solver. F...

A method for trimming surfaces generated as solutions to Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is presented. The work we present here utilises the 2D parameter space on which the trim curves are defined whose projection on the parametrically represented PDE surface is then trimmed out. To do this we define the trim curves to be a set of boundary conditions which enable us to solve a low order e...

This paper presents a method to extend PDE surfaces to high dimensional spaces. We review a common existing analytic solution, and show how it can be used straightforwardly to increase the dimension of the space the surface is embedded within. We then further develop a numerical scheme suitable for increasing the number of variables that parametrise the surface, and investigate some of the prop...

The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) controls biofilm formation and other phenotypes relevant to pathogenesis. Cyclic-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs). Phosphodiesterases (PDE-As) end signaling by linearizing c-di-GMP to 5'-phosphoguanylyl-(3',5')-guanosine (pGpG), which is then hydrolyzed to two GMP molecules by yet unidentified enzymes termed PDE-Bs. We ...

We prove the existence of a positive SOLA (Solutions Obtained as Limits Approximations) to following PDE involving fractional power Laplacian ( ? ? ) s u = 1 ? + ? 2 ? ? in ? , > 0 ? N ? . Here, is bounded domain ?N, s?(0,1), 2s<N, ?,??(0,1), 2s?=2N?N?2s critical Sobolev exponent and nonnegative Radon measure ?.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to a group of diseases that are characterised by high pressure in the pulmonary artery and by pulmonary vascular resistance. Persistent PAH in the newborn is a condition whereby the pulmonary artery pressure does not decrease after birth, and may occur in as many as 6.8 in 1 000 live births. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) is the predominant PDE iso...

finding a suitable estimation of stability domain around stable equilibrium points is an important issue in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. this paper intends to apply a set of analytical-numerical methods to estimate the region of attraction for autonomous nonlinear systems. in mechanical and structural engineering, autonomous systems could be found in large deformation problems or c...

This paper investigates a fuzzy reduced-order filter design for class of nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) systems. First, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model is considered to reconstruct the PDE system. Then, employment an event-triggered mechanism (ETM) can effectively avoid signal redundancy and improve network resource utilization. Furthermore, based on advantages ETM, several Lyapunov fu...