Optically injection-locked single-wavelength gain-switching VCSEL based all-optical converter is demonstrated to generate RZ data at 2.5 Gbit/s with bit-error-rate of 10(-9) under receiving power of -29.3 dBm. A modified rate equation model is established to elucidate the optical injection induced gain-switching and NRZ-to-RZ data conversion in the VCSEL. The peak-to-peak frequency chirp of the...

This paper proposes a scheme for format conversion from a distorted non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal to a high-quality return-to-zero (RZ) signal, using the nonlinearity in a coupled ring-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) on a silicon chip. In this method, a distorted NRZ signal is amplified and fed into the CROW together with an RZ pulse train. The CROW performs as a nonlinear step gate for th...

The effects of cationic porphyrins on the catalytic activities of four group I ribozymes were investigated. A cationic porphyrin possessing four pyridinium moieties (pPyP) inhibited two group IC3 ribozymes (Syn Rz and Azo Rz) and a group IC1 ribozyme (Tet Rz). In the case of a group IA2 ribozyme (Td Rz), however, pPyP served not only as an inhibitor but also as an activator, and the effects of ...

This paper demonstrates the comparison of 40 Gbps DWDM system using hybrid optical amplifier configurations (EDFA-EDFA and EDFA-SOA ) are implemented with RZ and NRZ encoding techniques at various distance along with DCF having dispersion 80 ps/nm/Km . DWDM systems with 4 channels each having a bit rate of 10 Gbps and 0.8 nm equal channel spacing. The performance of EDFA-EDFA and EDFA-SOA hybri...

Two selective stability-indicating HPLC methods are described for determination of rabeprazole sodium (RZ)-mosapride citrate (MR) and RZ-itopride hydrochloride (IO) mixtures in the presence of their ICH-stress formed degradation products. Separations were achieved on X-Bridge C18 column using two mobile phases: the first for RZ-MR mixture consisted of acetonitrile: 0.025 M KH2PO4 solution: TEA ...

In this letter, we have studied the spin torque based magnetization oscillations and switching in presence of Rashba - Zeeman (RZ), Ruderman Kittel Kasuya Yoside (RKKY) Dzyaloshinskii Moriya (DM) interactions a double barrier RZ$|$Heavy Metal (HM)$|$RZ magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The system has stable can work as an oscillator or switcher for significant difference strength RKKY DM interact...

Four Vita-Stat (VS) automatic, coin-operated, blood pressure measuring devices were evaluated for accuracy and precision. Under field conditions, 342 adults had two blood pressure measurements with both the VS device and with the Random-Zero (RZ) device. Two of the VS machines gave significantly higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values, compared to the RZ values. The mean...

Coliphage lambda proteins Rz and Rz1 are the inner membrane and outer membrane subunits of the spanin complex-a heterotetramer that bridges the periplasm and is essential for the disruption of the outer membrane during phage lysis. Recent evidence suggests the spanin complex functions by fusing the inner and outer membrane. Here, we use a genetics approach to investigate and characterize determ...

We present a comprehensive treatment of optically preamplified direct detection receivers for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) on/off keying modulation, taking into account the influence of different (N)RZ optical pulse shapes, specified at the receiver input, and filter transfer functions; optical Fabry–Pérot filters (FPFs) and Bragg gratings as well as electrical fifth-order B...