This paper deals with the dynamics of hybrid systems under piecewise open-loop controls restricted by hard bounds. The system equations may be reset when crossing some prespecified domains (“the guards”) in the state space. Therefore the continuous dynamics which govern the motion between the guards are complemented by discrete transitions which govern the resets. A state space model for such s...

With the extent and density of urbanised land-use set to increase, implications arise for the quality of semi-natural and ecological processes. This paper incorporates empirical evidence from a study of gap crossing within a least-cost path methodology to develop a model of functional habitat connectivity for P. pipistrellus within the City of Birmingham. The model takes into particular conside...

This report deals with the dynamics of hybrid systems under piecewise openloop controls restricted by hard bounds. It is assumed that the system equations may be reset when crossing some prespecified domains (“the guards”) in the state space. Therefore the continuous dynamics which govern the motion between the guards are complemented by dicrete transitions which govern the resets. A state spac...

Prion infection and pathogenesis are dependent on the agent crossing an epithelial barrier to gain access to the recipient nervous system. Several routes of infection have been identified, but the mechanism(s) and timing of in vivo prion transport across an epithelium have not been determined. The hamster model of nasal cavity infection was used to determine the temporal and spatial parameters ...

Groundbreaking research in animals has demonstrated that the hippocampus contains neurons that distinguish between overlapping navigational trajectories. These hippocampal neurons respond selectively to the context of specific episodes despite interference from overlapping memory representations. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans to examine the role of the h...

In the metro-line crossing minimization problem, we are given a plane graph G = (V,E) and a set L of simple paths (or lines) that cover G, that is, every edge e ∈ E belongs to at least one path in L. The problem is to draw all paths in L along the edges of G such that the number of crossings between paths is minimized. This crossing minimization problem arises, for example, when drawing metro m...

This paper examines the implications of strategically scheduling flights on user-preferred routes in the Central East Pacific to reduce trajectory crossing points. After first casting the flight scheduling problem in terms of a job shop scheduling problem, a 0-1 integer programming model is used to calculate the optimal departure and en route controls required to generate feasible flight schedu...

Two major routes of preprotein targeting into mitochondria are known. Preproteins carrying amino-terminal signals mainly use Tom20, the general import pore (GIP) complex and the Tim23-Tim17 complex. Preproteins with internal signals such as inner membrane carriers use Tom70, the GIP complex, and the special Tim pathway, involving small Tims of the intermembrane space and Tim22-Tim54 of the inne...

For most of the twentieth century, collective bargaining provided the terms on which labour was commonly employed in Britain. However, the quarter century since 1980 has seen the collapse of collectivism as the main way of regulating employment. Our argument is that the tacit settlement between organized labour and employers was undermined by increasing product market competition. The paper fir...