modal verbs and their different meanings can be investigated on the basis of various theoretical frameworks. in this paper, persian modal verbs are examined and analyzed in terms of degrees and kinds of modality proposed by palmer (1990). our analysis shows that although bǎyad ‘must’ does not entail the proposition, it is used to express three degrees of epistemic modality, two degrees of dynam...

background cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an endemic disease in iran. pentavalent antimonials including meglumine antimoniate (ma) are still the gold standard treatment. trichloroacetic acid (tca) is used in treatment of acne scar, photodamaged skin, and some other dermatologic diseases. considering the tca potential to induce collagen synthesis and its efficacy in the treatment of papular cl ...

Since the advent of post and core systems, dentists have regularly accepted the traditional cast and post and core as choice of treatment modality to restore a badly broken root canal treated tooth. The important question being, if at all the cast, post is indicated in every case. Other concept being that a cast post compared to a prefabricated post improves the strength of a root canal treated...

In this report, we describe a small schwannoma of the dural sleeve and mention that it is often difficult to differentiate this tumor from lumbar disc herniation, especially a sequestered hernia, or a discal cyst. Gadolinium-enhanced MR images were a useful preoperative examination modality for differentiating this lesion from other diseases. Microscopically, the intradural tumor was successful...

Gingival recession is frequently occurring in patients coming to dental clinic which could lead to pain or hypersensitivity, esthetic problem, retention of plaque hence inflamed gingiva, root caries, abrasion and fear of tooth loss. Gingival recession can be managed by surgical or non-surgical approaches. Nonsurgical approaches include restorations, crowns, veneers and gingival masks whereas su...

Introduction: Gingival recession defects in the esthetic zone demands a concurrent correction of all involved teeth single surgery. Wound healing is complex phenomenon and use collagen membrane Injectable Platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) will greatly enhance process. Thus aim this case report to evaluate effectiveness Coronally advanced flap (CAF) with I-PRF management gingival management. There wa...

Background. Digital radiography has widespread use in endodontics. Determining a correct working length is vital for a proper endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic techniques for root canal working length determination. Methods. After determining the real working lengths of 50 permanent maxillary central incisors (gold sta...