The road surveillance based on wireless sensor network nowadays has received great attention and its application has been extensively used in practice. In this application, when the invasion target moves from road entrance to system protection points in road network, the nodes in wireless sensor network could detect the target timely and give an alarm before the target reaches the protection po...

BACKGROUND Cycling is considered to be a highly beneficial sport for significantly enhancing cardiovascular fitness in individuals, yet studies show little or no corresponding improvements in bone mass. METHODS A scientific literature search on studies discussing bone mass and bone metabolism in cyclists was performed to collect all relevant published material up to April 2012. Descriptive, c...

Methods for data acquisition, analysis, and modelling of performance parameters in road cycling have been developed. A simulator to facilitate the measurement of training parameters in a laboratory environment has been designed as well as models for performance prediction. The simulation includes real height profiles and a video playback that is synchronised with the cyclist’s current virtual p...

BACKGROUND We aimed to establish the frequency and characteristics (e.g. socioeconomic, pre-injury, and crash-related parameters) of injured bicyclists and other injured road users. METHODS 748 participants aged ≥17 years who had sustained a minor or non-catastrophic injury in a land-transport crash, were interviewed after presenting to a metro hospital emergency department in New South Wales...

BACKGROUND Achieving health benefits while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport offers a potential policy win-win; the magnitude of potential benefits, however, is likely to vary. This study uses an Integrated Transport and Health Impact Modelling tool (ITHIM) to evaluate the health and environmental impacts of high walking and cycling transport scenarios for English and Welsh urban...

Cycling can be performed on the road or indoors on stationary ergometers. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in cycling efficiency, muscle activity and pedal forces during cycling on a stationary turbo trainer compared with a treadmill. 19 male cyclists cycled on a stationary turbo trainer and on a treadmill at 150, 200 and 250 W. Cycling efficiency was determined using th...

The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS). At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people). Poisson ...

BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated adverse health effects of a sedentary life style, on the one hand, and of acute and chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution, on the other. Because physical exercise augments the amount of inhaled pollutants, it is not clear whether cycling to work in a polluted urban environment should be encouraged or not. To address this ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of cycling promotion on major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and costs from the public healthcare payer's perspective. DESIGN Health impact assessment and economic evaluation using a dynamic model over a ten-year period and according to two cycling promotion scenarios. SETTING Cycling to work or school in Florence, Italy. POPULATION All individuals aged...

OBJECTIVE Females are substantially less likely than males to cycle for transport in countries with low bicycle transport mode share. We investigated whether female commuter cyclists were more likely to use bicycle routes that provide separation from motor vehicle traffic. METHODS Census of cyclists observed at 15 locations (including off-road bicycle paths, on-road lanes and roads with no bi...