Cross-cultural effects on neuropsychological and cognitive test performance may mean that normative data obtained from North American and European samples do not apply to the South African population. There is a need for normative studies on the South African population in order to effectively test individuals on, for instance, neuropsychological tests such as those used to identify Alzheimer’s...

Background: Acoustic noise is one of the universal pollutants of modern society. Although the high level of noise adverse effects on human hearing has been known for many years, non-auditory effects of noise such as effects on cognition, learning, memory and reading, especially on children, have been less considered. Factors which have negative impact on these features can also have a negat...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: CS: Contrast Sensitivity; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; ANN: Artificial Neural Network; CNS: Central Nervous System; ON: Optic Neuritis; OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography; VA: Visual Acuity; CSF: Contrast Sensitivity Function; CG: Control Group; ONH: Optic Nerve Head; GCC: Ganglion Cell Complex; FLAIR: Fluid Acquisition Inversion Recovery; ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The neurological control of bladder function and the ability to be dry at night involves not only the acquisition of normal daytime control, but also the establishment of a circadian rhythm in vasopressin release and the ability to arouse to a full bladder during sleep. We postulated that in some children there might be a delay in maturation of the normal neurological pathwa...

BACKGROUND We determined the nature and recovery of procedural and declarative memory functioning in a cocaine-abusing cohort in the 45-day period following use. METHODS Thirty-seven cocaine abusers and 27 control subjects were administered the following memory and mood measures: California Verbal Learning Test, recall of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Pursuit Rotor Task, and Profile...