introduction central vein catheterization (cvc) is an important procedure for emergency departments (ed). despite the existence of ultrasonography (us) devices in every ed, cvc was accomplished by anatomical landmarks in many eds in iran. objective this study was designed for the evaluation of us-guided cvcs, anatomical landmark cvcs, and the promotion of us-guided cvc in iran. methods and mate...

the knowledge of variations in the superficial veins is of clinical importance for the anatomist, radiologists, clinical practitioners and surgeons in order to plan about the operative procedures. usually cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein. in this case report study the left cephalic vein communicates with the left external jugular vein and made a common trunk at the superior surface o...

PURPOSE To describe a high-resolution MR imaging technique that depicts the complex anatomy of the region of the parotid gland, focusing on the intraparotid components of the facial nerve and parotid duct. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted images of the parotid gland were acquired with a prototype three-dimensional Fourier transform gradient-echo sequence that permits a very short echo time...

Objectives: Surgical treatment of patients with multiple mandibular fractures involving condylar segments may be a difficult proposition for maxillofacial surgeon. These can double or triple the lower mandible and also associated other face. While many authors have suggested that conventional approach to reducing stabilizing symphysis / para-symphysis fracture is appropriate before addressing f...

a 55-year-old man referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt) due to severe heart failure. a severe stenosis in the coronary sinus vein after the posterior branch disallowed the insertion of the lead. nevertheless, the stenosis was dilated and the left ventricle (lv) lead was implanted in the lateral marginal branch.

purpose: to compare repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (ivb) with triamcinolone acetonide (ivt) for treatment of acute branch retinal vein occlusion (brvo). methods: this randomized clinical trial included, 86 eyes with recent onset (less than 12 weeks) brvo. participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: the ivb group (43 eyes) consisted of patients who received mont...

A series of surgical cases operated in our unit are considered to analyze and evaluate the different techniques and sequencing employed in the surgical management of double/triple mandibular fractures involving a condylar fracture. Deviating from the normal sequence of reducing and fixing the dentate segment first, we addressed the condylar segment first. A combination of different approaches f...

Mandibular condylar fractures have a high incidence but there is no consensus regarding the best method of treatment. The aim of this paper is to describe the surgical management of a subcondylar fracture in a 23-year-old male. The fracture was treated by plating the inferior border of the mandibular ramus with access to the fracture line via a retromandibular approach combined with a semi-prea...