conclusions in conclusion, mma official and simulated matches induce similar high intensity glycolytic demands and minimal changes to biochemical markers of muscle damage immediately following the fights. glycolytic availability prior to the fights was raised exclusively in response to official matches. objectives the main objective of this study was to compare biochemical responses to sparring...

Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Jacobo Torán for his support and guidance during my research on this work. I am grateful to Thomas Thierauf for refereeing my thesis. His invaluable discussions and suggestions have been reflected in many places in this research. Thanks to Jens Bolte for reading the whole thesis and refereeing it. My thanks go also to Martin Bade...

Athletes may be especially primed to become referees; yet, we do not know what former athletes think about this career choice. To address the worldwide referee shortage, it is important better understand athletes’ perceptions of refereeing. From a Career Contingency Model framework, evident perception would influence their decision consider This study’s aim was examine refereeing environment (R...

I have recently described [1] a management system, with accompanying software, for use by journal editors in organizing the refereeing of scientific manuscripts prior to publication. For me this system has been very successful, cutting the time from submission to final acceptance of manuscripts from two or three years (under the previous editor) to just a few months. This is fast by the standar...

Abstract Purpose This study explored the validity and reliability of physiological perceptual responses elicited during a novel treadmill-based Soccer Referee Simulation (SRS). Methods Following collection baseline measures habituation procedures, eight sub-elite soccer referees completed single trial SRS whereby heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 ), blood lactate concentrations ([La − ] b di...

Within the football and futsal refereeing context, even though referees work within teams, there is very little research considering implications of team dynamics. In response, this study starts to address gap in literature by investigating moderating effect mental models on relationship between self-efficacy beliefs perceptions adaptation exciting context professional national refereeing. We o...