Metallonitrosyl complexes are promising as nitric oxide (NO) donors for the treatment of cardiovascular, endothelial, and pathogenic diseases, as well as cancer. Recently, the reduced form of NO(-) (protonated as HNO, nitroxyl, azanone, isoelectronic with O2) has also emerged as a candidate for therapeutic applications including treatment of acute heart failure and alcoholism. Here, we show tha...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often complicated by acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind such an injury type and the contribution of blood to the extent of an injury remain poorly understood. Therefore, the goals of this study were to establish a porcine ASDH model in order to investigate pathomechanisms of ASDH and to compare ef...

Introduction: Dark neurons which their morphological characteristics are consistent with those of cells undergoing apoptosis, are generated as an acute or delayed consequence of several pathological situations. The present study was designed to evaluate whether inflammatory pain regarding the role of NO and JNK lead to the formation of dark neurons in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cor...

Flexibility in the output of spinal networks can be accomplished by the actions of neuromodulators; however, little is known about how the process of neuromodulation itself may be modulated. Here we investigate the potential "meta"-modulatory hierarchy between nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenaline (NA) in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. NO and NA have similar effects on fictive swimming; both potentiate...

Our recent study (Prathapasinghe GA, Siow YL, O K. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1354-F1363, 2007) indicates that homocysteine (Hcy) plays a detrimental role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Elevation of renal Hcy concentration during ischemia-reperfusion is attributed to reduced activity of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the transsulf...

NO produced by NO synthase type 3 (NOS3) in medullary thick ascending limbs (mTHALs) inhibits Cl reabsorption. Acutely, angiotensin II stimulates thick ascending limb NO production. In endothelial cells, NO inhibits NOS3 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that angiotensin II decreases NOS3 expression via NO in mTHALs. After 24 hours, 10 and 100 nmol/L of angiotensin II decreased NOS3 expres...

Using NO specific probe (MNIP-Cu), rapid nitric oxide (NO) accumulation as a response to auxin (IAA) treatment has been observed in the protoplasts from the hypocotyls of sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.). Incubation of protoplasts in presence of NPA (auxin efflux blocker) and PTIO (NO scavenger) leads to significant reduction in NO accumulation, indicating that NO signals represent an...