The subjects of this article are protoplast isolations and protoplast fusions, in particular their history, a review of factors influencing the protoplasts isolation and fusion, selection of hybrid plants and utilization of somatic hybrids in plant breeding. Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion can overcome sexual incompatibility among plant species or genera; transfer genes of resis...

A method was developed for culturing protoplasts freshly isolated from developing soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons. First cell divisions were observed within 5 days after protoplast isolation and microcalli, consisting of about 20 cells, were formed within 10 days. Thirty days after protoplast isolation, callus tissues were observed without the aid of a microscope. A 30 to 50% plating effici...

Liposomes entrapping fluorescein diacetate were fused with protoplasts of Datura innoxia Mill by employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the fusogen. Factors that influence liposome-protoplast fusion were optimized as a function of PEG-concentration and incubation duration, liposome composition and surface charge and liposome:protoplast ratio. Phosphatidylcholine-liposomes were found ideal for t...

Constraints and opportunities inherent in a cellular existence in which the living protoplast is surrounded by a more-or-less rigid wall have given rise to a number of uniquely botanical modes of cytoskeletal form and function. These are summarized here, with special reference to the concept of a structurally and functionally integrated cytoplasmic matrix . The cell wall possesses at least some...

in this study, mutant forms of bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (h14) were produced. these mutants were identified when the cells were cultured on chloramphenicol plates and stained with crystal violet. protoplasts of the mutants were isolated by enzymatic digestion (lysozyme) of the cell walls at the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. the protoplasts were induced to fuse to each other i...

for half a century, the limitations of obtaining cross-combinations in lilies because of the incompatibility and incongruity between different varieties have been known. somatic hybridization is one of the most powerful tools for achieving distant interspecific hybrids. for this purpose, protoplast preparation is a first and important step in efficient system for the regeneration of plants from...

Surface antigens of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplast were visualized immunocytochemically with protein A-gold or ferritin conjugated antibodies. Ferritin particles were densely distributed at the surface of yeast protoplast after treatment with rabbit anti-protoplast serum and ferritin conjugated antibody against rabbit IgM. Control experiments demonstrated that the binding of these ferritin...

Passive permeabilities of the cell wall and protoplast of Bacillus megaterium strain KM were characterized by use of 50 hydrophilic probing molecules (tritiated water, sugars, dextrans, glycols, and polyglycols) which varied widely in size. Weight per cent uptake values (R(w)) were measured at diffusional equilibrium under conditions that negated the influences of adsorption or active transport...

A unique ability to form protoplasts in vitro from the extruded protoplasm has been found in a number of the marine coenocytic green algae (Tatewaki and Nagata 1970; Rietema 1973; Ishizawa and Wada 1979; Kim and Klotchkova 2004). After cell injury, extruded cell organelles in seawater aggregate to form compact protoplasmic masses; a process seems to be mediated by a lectin-carbohydrate compleme...