Transmission and distribution pipelines have a significant role in the oil and gas industries. Pipelines are facing different threat like corrosion, improper design and incorrect operation. Gas vapor released from a pipeline (owned by NIOC) failure spread out and reached to ignition source. Due to gas outdoor spreading, “flash fire” occurred and flame return caused “vapor cloud explosion” of ga...

Natural gas pipeline projects in mountainous areas are inevitably affected by geological disasters such as landslides, which pose a serious threat to the safe operation of pipelines along routes crossing landslide areas. In this paper, based on pipe-landslide project area southwest China, interaction mechanism and failure evolution process landslide-pipeline system reinforced two kinds micropil...

The underrepresentation of women in engineering is often explained by gender differences in interests or abilities, learning environments and learning styles, or the uncertainty of the job market. But young women in Norway have largely overcome many of the traditional gender differences, and the job market is favourable. However, female engineering students lack role models and networks. Many l...

People v. Simpson, dubbed by many as "the trial of the century," was an expensive court case that taxed Los Angeles County's coffers. Many creative, and occasionally unconstitutional, proposals were suggested to lessen the county's hardship, but none were implemented. While the Simpson case may have captured the nation's attention, it was a poor justification to radically alter how the courts' ...

Th e Impact of Spoilers on Peace Processes and Peacebuilding M ceasefires and peace agreements in civil wars are initially unsuccessful and give way to renewed violence. In other cases, peace processes have become interminably protracted: lengthy and circular negotiations in which concessions are rare and even if agreements are reached they falter at the implementation phase. State-building and...