Coherent M-PSK reception in M-PSK receivers is achieved through use of two main PLLs (Phase Lock Loops): the carrier synchronization PLL (carrier PLL for short) and the symbol timing synchronization PLL (symbol PLL for short). An SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) estimation module is also typically present in the receiver. In this paper we shall present an overview of contemporary coherent M-PSK rece...

In this paper, a comparative study of noise on different components of the phase look loop (PLL) is described. Noise effect the all the components of the phase lock loop such as loop filter characteristics, phase-frequency detector, and phase noise of the open-loop voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). All the components of PLL contribute to the noise of the system. We present the different appr...

During a wide variety of behaviors, hippocampal field potentials show significant power in the theta (4-12 Hz) frequency range and individual neurons commonly phase-lock with the 4-12 Hz field potential. The underlying cellular and network mechanisms that generate the theta rhythm, however, are poorly understood. Oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) interneurons have been implicated as crucial co...

A methodology for treating the semiconductor laser as a current-controlled oscillator in an optical phase-lock loop is presented. The formalism is applied to phase demodulation of optical beams, reduction of phase noise by self-homodyning, and phase locking of a semiconductor laser array.

To see how our Project Lock-In works, have a look at the Schematic I. You will find there the internal electronic components of the instrument and their interconnections. The most essential parts to make the Lock-In work as such, are a multiplier circuit and a low pass circuit, or integrator, which together form a “PhaseSensitive Detector", or PSD. For reasons you will immediately understand, a...

A new lock detection algorithm for digital quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) receiver is proposed. Analysis of the detector’s output characteristics is given and is verified by using computer simulation. Performance degradation due to carrier jitter is also considered. Analytic and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is very useful as a lock detector in digital receivers beca...

Phase Locked Loops (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal.A phase locked loop can track input frequency or it can generate a frequency that is the multiple of input frequency .PLLs are widely employed in radio,tele communications,computers etc.In order to overcome the disadvantage of analog PLLs such as the effect of leak...

We study the synchronization of N nearest neighbors coupled oscillators in a ring. We derive an analytic form for the phase difference among neighboring oscillators which shows the dependency on the periodic boundary conditions. At synchronization, we find two distinct quantities which characterize four of the oscillators, two pairs of nearest neighbors, which are at the border of the clusters ...

in this paper, an adaptive rule based controller for an anti-lock regenerative braking system (arbs) of a series hybrid electric bus (sheb) has been proposed. the proposed controller integrates the regenerative braking and wheel anti-lock functions by controlling the electric motor of the hybrid vehicle, without using any conventional mechanical anti-lock braking system. the performance of the ...

Previous studies (e.g., [5]) have shown that optimistic concurrency control (OCC) generally performs better than lock-based protocols in disk-based real-time database systems (RTDBS). In this paper we compare the two concurrency control protocols in both disk-based and memory-resident multiprocessor RTDBS. Based on their performance characteristics, a new lock-based protocol, called Two Phase L...