Glutamate dehydrogenase becomes density labeled through the incorporation of deuterium and (15)N when detached oat leaves (Avena sativa var. Fulghum) are incubated in the presence of ammonia. The enzyme has been isolated by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, isopycnic equilibrium centrifugation, and disc electrophoresis from leaves fed l-methionine-(35)S. Ra...

To test the possibility that individuals with and without plasma cholinesterase Cs isozyme have differences in neuromuscular sensitivity to succinylcholine chloride, we ~ramined the effects of succinylcholine in these two groups of patients. Sera from 491 adult patients were examined for presence of the plasma cholinesterase Cs isozyme by use o f electrophoresis with polyacrylamide ; 24 were posi-

Isozyme 3a of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, also termed P-450ALC, was previously isolated in this laboratory from animals administered ethanol or imidazole, and the purified cytochrome was shown to function in the reconstituted system as an oxygenase in catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol and other alcohols. Although liver microsomes from animals treated in various ways exhibit incr...

Prodrug is a useful approach for improving the bioavailability of therapeutic agents through increased passive transport. Carboxylesterases (CESs, EC.3.1.1.1.) that show ubiquitous expression profiles play an important role in the biotransformation of ester-containing prodrugs into their therapeutically active forms in the body. High levels of CESs are found in the liver, small intestine and lu...

The genetic control of eight isozyme loci revealed by starch gel electrophoresis was studied through the analysis of three progenies derived from four tetraploid cultivars of Solanum tuberosum (groups Andigena and Tuberosum). Duplicate gene expression was found in seven (Got-A, Got-B, Pgd-C, Pgi-B, Pgm-A, Pgm-B and Pox-C) isozyme loci. In another isozyme gene (Adh-A), the parental genotypes wer...

Induction of differentiation of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL60) in culture is accompanied by changes in acid phosphatase (Acpase) activity. The increase in activity is less than twofold when the leukemic cells are stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to differentiate into metamyelocytes and granulocytes but is eightfold when the cells are stimulated by the tumor-promoting agen...

Pyruvate kinase (PK) (EC 2.7.1.40) isozymes were assayed in normal rat liver and a series of transplantable rat hepatomas ranging widely in growth rate and degree of differentiation, with the use of gradient elution by chloride ion from columns of DEAE-cellulose. In agreement with other studies, three noninterconvertible forms were found in rat tissues: isozyme I, the major form in adult rat li...

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a multi-functional enzyme that catalyzes the hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide. In the red blood cell (rbc), CA is necessary to facilitate the transport of carbon dioxide out of the body. Results from earlier biochemical studies indicate that ancient vertebrates, such as agnathans, possess a low activity rbc CA isozyme, whereas more recently evolved vertebrates,...

Glutamate receptors and calcium have been implicated as triggering factors in the induction of tolerance by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the brain. However, little is known about the signal transduction pathway that ensues after the IPC induction pathway. The main goals of the present study were to determine whether NMDA induces preconditioning via a calcium pathway and promotes translocat...

The histamine H2-receptor antagonists have been identified as inhibitors of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) isozymes, E1, E2, and E3. Inhibition was strongest with the E3 isozyme, whose substrates include gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, the aldehyde metabolites of polyamines, and betaine aldehyde. Burimamide, metiamide, cimetidine guanidine, cimetidine, and tiotidine were competitive ...