نتایج جستجو برای: penetration layer
تعداد نتایج: 315927 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The dynamic properties o< unentangled adsorbed polymer layers are considered theoretically. The kinetics of penetration of a chain in an adsorbed layer is considered as a twostep process: entry corresponding to the attachment of the chain on the adsorbing surface and spreading on the surface. We discuss three types of experiments, the formation of an adsorbed layer, the desorption from an adsor...
INTRODUCTION The demand for the practical use of the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has risen for the miniaturization in two-dimensional micro/nano fabrication technology. Photolithography is now used widely, however, has a few of difficulties such as the high equipment cost and the diffraction limit. NIL, in which a resist on a substrate is patterned by mechanical pressing a nanostructured mold...
Topical drug delivery across the skin can offer many advantages, such as confer sustained drug release, lower fluctuations in plasma drug levels, circumvent first-pass metabolism, improve patient compliance, and provide local (dermal), or systemic (transdermal) effects (Schäfer-Korting et al., 2007; El Maghraby et al., 2008). However, the barrier function of the skin, exerted by the horny layer...
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum instrumentation size required for the effective penetration of irrigants and elimination of debris and smear layer from the apical third of the root canals. The mesiobuccal canals of 40 freshly extracted human mandibular first molar teeth were instrumented using the crown-down technique. The teeth were divided into four test groups accordin...
The first theory of wind-driven flow is that of Ekman, who assumed a uniform eddy viscosity and derived the velocity spiral that bears his name. Over the years, observations of wind stress and current have improved to the point that frictional momentum transfer in the upper ocean can be quantified. Observations of velocity spirals are reviewed to address such issues as the vertical structure an...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine minimal apical enlargement for irrigant penetration into apical third of root canal system using scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Distobuccal canals of 40 freshly extracted human maxillary first molar teeth were instrumented using crown-down technique. The teeth were divided into four test groups according to size of t...
The objective of this study is to establish a relationship of the skin penetration parameters between the three-dimensional cultured human epidermis LabCyte EPI-MODEL (LabCyte) and hairless mouse (HLM) skin penetration in vitro and to predict the skin penetration and plasma concentration profile in human. The skin penetration experiments through LabCyte and HLM skin were investigated using 19 d...
A major limitation of any type of microscope is the penetration depth in turbid tissue. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally novel kind of fluorescence microscope that images through optically thick turbid layers. The microscope uses scattered light, rather than light propagating along a straight path, for imaging with subwavelength resolution. Our method uses constructive interference to focus...
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