A complete module for single-photon counting and timing is demonstrated in a single chip. Features comparable with or better than commercially available macroscopic modules are obtained by integration of an active-quenching and active-reset circuit in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology together with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The integrated SPAD has a 12-microm-diam...

The breakdown of an overvoltage protection structure is analyzed in the temperature range from 298 to 523 K. The avalanche generation rates are modeled as a function of the carrier and lattice temperature. The generation rates are proportional to the carrier concentration. Careful attention is given to the pre-breakdown regime and to the breakdown process. The importance of various generation p...

In this paper, the effectiveness of lightning overvoltage protection cables in high voltage overhead cable lines has been analyzed. Because level, are protected by surge arresters and metallic sheath earthing. However, practice, quite a lot cases electricity-evoked damage to outer sheaths observed, proving that used is insufficient. As result, exposed environmental factors, especially moisture ...

Abstract The ion source is the key to NBI. It very sensitive overvoltage and overcurrent, breakdown frequently occurs between acceleration grid. core snubber most suitable surge suppression device achieve DC fault protection. This paper introduces some basic concepts, comparing snubber’s material properties important parameters. also concept of an equivalent circuit model for snubber, including...

Introduction The NCP1219 is the newest part in the NCP12XX family of current−mode flyback controllers. The controller features dynamic self supply (DSS), eliminating the need for external startup circuitry, contributing to a cost effective, low parts count flyback controller design. The NCP1219 also includes a user programmable skip cycle threshold, reducing power dissipation at light loads and...

The high amplitude and steep overvoltage generated by the breaking of vacuum circuit breaker in wind farm damages inter-turn insulation transformer. There is a certain difference between simulation results traditional reignition model measured overvoltage. It necessary to improve simulate condition transformer more accurately then select appropriate protection measures. In this paper, based on ...

The paper represents the results of testing effect neutron and gamma radiation radioactive 60Co on electrical filters. Neutron was chosen because its conductivity. analysis standard structure electric filter found that can affect value capacitance as most important component filter. presented are a contribution to wider research resistance elements for coordination insulation at low-voltage lev...

The aim of this research article is to determine the way to install surge arresters close to a power transformer to provide protection against lightning overvoltage. Depending on the length of the cables used in the installation, the insulation levels in base insulators of surge arresters and bushings of transformers change according to the voltage they support. For validation purposes, the vol...