A nonlinear version of the stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emission (SFOAE) was measured using stimulus waveforms similar to those used for behavioral overshoot. Behaviorally, the seven listeners were as much as 11 dB worse at detecting a brief tonal signal (4.0 kHz, 10 ms in duration) when it occurred soon after the onset of a wideband masking noise (0.1-6.0 kHz; 400 ms in duration) than when i...

The structure of shock-waves in gas mixtures is studied. The separation of component velocities and temperatures is described. Velocity overshoot is never found t o exist. Other effects, namely, temperature overshoot and undershoot and velocity undershoot are shown to exist in a manner which is self-consistent with the derivation of the governing equations.

Brownian motion with known positive drift is sampled in stages until it crosses a positive boundary a. A family of multistage samplers that control the expected overshoot over the boundary by varying the stage size at each stage is shown to be optimal for large a, minimizing a linear combination of overshoot and number of stages. Applications to hypothesis testing are discussed.

OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and transcutaneous CO(2) (TcPCO(2)) in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO(2)). EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men) individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measure...

A widely used metric of substrate exposure in brain is the brain-to-serum partition coefficient (K(p,brain); C(brain)/C(serum)), most appropriately determined at distribution equilibrium between brain tissue and serum. In some cases, C(brain)/C(serum) can peak and then decrease, as opposed to monotonically increasing to a plateau, precluding accurate estimation of partitioning. This "overshoot"...