Recent literature has shown that all-pay auctions raise more money for charity than either winner-pay auctions or lotteries. We demonstrate that first-price and second-price winnerpay auctions have a better revenue performance than first-price and second-price all-pay auctions when bidders are sufficiently asymmetric. Lotteries can also provide higher revenue than all-pay auctions. To prove thi...

The most important goal of each society, is to reach economic development. As the goal and agent of development, man has got an important responsibility, which responsibility is realized by way of education, specially higher education, because the universities are the main factors for progress, production of knowledge and education of specialized human forces and they play a significant role in...

in many real world assembly line systems which the work-piece is of large size more than one worker work on the same work-piece in each station. this type of assembly line is called multi-manned assembly line (mal). in the classical multi-manned assembly line balancing problem (malbp) the objective is to minimize the manpower needed to manufacture one product unit. apart from the manpower, othe...