BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cryogen sprays are used for cooling human skin during various laser treatments. Since characteristics of such sprays have not been completely understood, the optimal atomizing nozzle design and operating conditions for cooling human skin remain to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two commercial cryogenic spray nozzles are characterized by imaging the sprays and th...

Carbon nanotubes are becoming increasingly viable as membranes for application in a wide variety of nano-fluidic applications, such as nano-scale nozzles. For potential applications which utilise switching on and off of flow through nanotube nozzles, it is important to understand the initial flow dynamics. Furthermore, when the nanotube interacts strongly with the fluid, the flow may be very di...

designing and manufacturing the multiple jets simulator and experimental investigation of the multiple jets in crossflow at low velocity ratios have been studied together with design and build a low-speed wind tunnel. a specific rake is used to determine the flow field pressure and changes in static pressure measured by pressure taps in the near field of the jets. there are generally three regi...

but also improves the uniformity of the spray pattern. Turbulence chamber nozzles are available in a turbo flood tip and now in the turbo flat-fan design. The turbo flatfan design shows great improvements in pattern uniformity when compared to the extended range flat-fan and other drift reduction flat-fan designs. In addition, the turbo flat-fan has significantly reduced the percentage of drift...

During the past two decades, the utilization of Active Chilled Beam (ACB) systems as promising air-conditioning systems has becoming increasingly prevalent in Europe, North America and Asia. However, the studies on air distribution of ACB systems are still inadequate. The air distribution has a great impact on thermal comfort. The ununiformity of air distribution will easily lead to turbulent f...

Three dimensional (3D) printing technology is rapidly evolving such that printing speed is now a crucial factor in technological developments and future applications. For printing heads based on the inkjet concept, the number of nozzles on the print head is a limiting factor of printing speed. This paper offers a method to practically increase the number of nozzles unlimitedly, and thus to dram...

the subject we discussion about are nucleation and meta stable phenomena’s , superheat liquids , supercold liquids and meanwhile  applications of this liquids. all in all meta stable situation can occur in three condition: first while changing liquid phase to gas phase by heating , second changing liquid phase to solid phase by cooling , third while moving water stream in subsonic nozzles or su...

Designing and manufacturing the multiple jets simulator and experimental investigation of the multiple jets in crossflow at low velocity ratios have been studied Together with design and build a low-speed wind tunnel. A specific rake is used to determine the flow field pressure and changes in static pressure measured by pressure taps in the near field of the jets. There are generally three regi...

Bright features ('knots') in extragalactic jets are commonly associated with reheating of charged particles in regions with shocks or strong compression. We find a natural appearance of nozzles in simulations of toroidally magnetized jets, and propose this as a generic mechanism of knotted structures such as in the jet of 0800+608. Nozzles provide correlated enhancement of emission in radio and...