This article joins the debate over the effect of market-driven economic development on women’s work opportunities and household gender inequalities. It assesses women’s opportunities for off-farm employment, the relative contributions of female off-farm workers to household income, and the distribution of power in families whose male members have left for off-farm jobs, leaving women behind in ...

Asset, activity and income diversification lie at the heart of livelihood strategies in rural Africa. This paper introduces a special issue on the topic “Income Diversification and Livelihoods in Rural Africa: Cause and Consequence of Change.” We concentrate on core conceptual issues that bedevil the literature on rural income diversification and the policy implications of the empirical evidenc...

Heterogeneous land development opportunities induced by spatial regulation produce different advantages in areas, which undoubtedly differentiates farmers’ employment. The aim of this study was to quantitatively examine its impact. We selected Moshui Lake City Park (urban planning area), Sino-French Eco-City (industrial and Chenhu International Wetland (ecological protection area) as principal ...

Abstract We examine the roles of land and labor diversification in mitigating effects covariate idiosyncratic shocks two middle-income countries Thailand Vietnam. use an unbalanced panel dataset rural households obtained from five survey waves during 2007–2016 (9291 for 9255 Vietnam). employ System-Generalized Method Moments estimators to control endogeneity. Our study finds that (i) both are a...

Expanding employment channels for rural households is a crucial means of enhancing the income residents and quality employment. This study examines impact digital skills on laborers’ choices explores underlying mechanisms by using data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2014–2018. By employing various models, including Probit, IV, mediated effects, propensity-score-matching methods...

To eradicate poverty, governments across developing countries have adopted programs to promote business ownership, with varying levels of success. The mixed success such underscores the importance local and economic conditions. Yet, empirical evidence on how context shapes outcomes entrepreneurship-focused poverty initiatives is sparse. In this paper, we use data from 2015 Smallholder Survey ex...

Two important intellectual developments since World War II have only recently been integrated. The first is the scientific revolution in agriculture, which has transformed the potential productivity of land and rural people from subsistence levels using traditional techniques to levels producing substantial commercial surpluses that are available to feed rapidly rising nonfarm populations. The ...