Intracellular Na(+)/H(+) antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in cellular pH and Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Based on sequence similarity, the six intracellular Arabidopsis thaliana members are divided into two groups. Unlike the vacuolar NHX1-4, NHX5 and NHX6 are believed to be endosomal; however, little data exist to support either their function or localization. Using re...

Organelle-localized NHEs (Na+/H+ exchangers) are found in cells from yeast to humans and contribute to organellar pH regulation by exporting H+ from the lumen to the cytosol coupled to an H+ gradient established by vacuolar H+-ATPase. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of organellar NHEs are largely unknown. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid assay identified Mth1p as a new binding ...

Salinity is considered one of the major limiting factors for plant growth and agricultural productivity. We are using salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) to identify biochemical mechanisms that enable plants to grow in saline conditions. Under salt stress, the major site of Na+ accumulation occurred in old leaves, followed by young leaves and taproots, with the least accumulation occurring in ...

In this communication, various in silico based prediction tools were employed to localize various stress-inducible genes [dehydrin (viz., RAB16A), polyamine-biosynthesis enzyme (viz., SAMDC), transcription factors (OSBZ8, NAC1, DREBP2, CRT/DRE-BP, WRKY24/51/71), ion channels and membrane transporters (HKT1, NHX1, SOS3) and protein kinases (SAPK5/7)] on rice chromosomes and establish their exon-...

Abstract Purpose Alkaline salinity constrains crop yield. Previously, we observed local adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to saline-siliceous soils (pH ≤ 7) and non-saline carbonate soils. However, no natural population A. was localized on saline-alkaline This suggests that tolerance evolved may not confer alkaline salinity. hypothesis explored by addressing physiological molecular responses d...

Gentamicin continues to be a primary antibiotic against gram-negative infections. Unfortunately, associated nephro- and ototoxicity limit its use. Our previous mammalian studies showed that gentamicin is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum in a retrograde manner and subsequently released into the cytosol. To better dissect the mechanism through which gentamicin induces toxicity, we have cho...