Objective. Spinal cord and peripheral neurostimulation techniques have been practiced since 1967 for the relief of pain, and some techniques are also used for improvement in organ function. Neuromodulation has recognized complications, although very rarely do these cause long-term morbidity. The aim of this article is to present a review of complications observed in patients treated with neuros...

Sacral nerve neuromodulation is accepted technology for patients with refractory urge incontinence, urinary frequency syndrome, and chronic urinary retention. This treatment consists of an implantable lead and neurostimulator (battery) using light electrical pulses to stimulate the sacral nerve controlling the bladder and other muscles that control urinary function. This article reviews the ind...

Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain can result from degeneration, infection, malignancy, and trauma. Patients with metastatic bone pain who do not respond to conventional treatment may need more aggressive neuroinvasive approaches. Recently, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) neuromodulation has emerged as a promising treatment alternative for refractory cases of SI joint pain. Nevertheless, there is no report...

s are only included if they are not published later on in full article format. Abbreviations: IED,interictal epileptiform discharges; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; 3-MPA, 3-mercaptoproprionate;PTZ, pentylenetetrazol; MES, maximal electroshock seizure; SWDs, spike and wave discharges; ADD,afterdischarge duration. Zanchetti et al. (1952) were among the first to experiment with the ant...

The study assumed that the antisaccade (AS) task is a relevant psychophysical tool to assess (i) short-term neuromodulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS); and (ii) mood change occurring during the course of the treatment. Saccadic inhibition is known to strongly involve the DLPFC, whose neuromodulation with iTBS requires les...

A patient with an electrically, magnetically, or mechanically activated implant is typically excluded from examination by MRI unless the particular implant has been demonstrated to be unaffected by the electromagnetic fields used for this imaging modality. Potential risks include injuries related to movement of ferromagnetic implants, excessive heating, induced electrical currents, the misinter...