Text categorization and feature selection are two of the many text data mining problems. In text categorization, the document that contains a collection of text will be changed to the dataset format, the dataset that consists of features and class, words become features and categories of documents become class on this dataset. The number of features that too many can cause a decrease in perform...

Anaerobic processes for treatment of low and high strength wastewaters and solid wastes constitute the core method in the natural biological mineralization (NBM) treatment concept. When adequately combined with the complementary NBM-systems and modern clean water saving practices in wastewater collection and transport, they represent a feasible route to sustainable environmental protection (EPs...

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) are selectively vulnerable to damage and loss in a number of neurodegenerative disorders that afflict the elderly, particularly Alzheimer's disease. The reasons for this selective vulnerability remain poorly understood. Given that intraneuronal accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been shown to exert deleterious effects on neurons, we tested ...

Long projection axons from the Ch4 cell group of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) provide cholinergic innervation to the neurons of the cerebral cortex. This cortical cholinergic innervation has been implicated in behavioral and cognitive functions, including learning and memory. Recent evidence revealed differences among primate species in the pattern of cholinergic innervation specific to...

The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), a heterogeneous area in the basal forebrain involved in the modulation of sleep and wakefulness, is rich in glutamate receptors, and glutamatergic fibers represent an important part of the input to this nucleus. With the use of unilateral infusions in the NBM, the effects of two different glutamatergic subtype agonists, namely N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA...

Previously, we demonstrated that plasticity of frontal cortex is altered in aging rats: 3 months after surgery, excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) produce larger declines in dendritic morphology in frontal cortex of aged rats relative to young adults. To determine whether the differential effect of the lesion was due specifically to loss of cholinergic input from t...

Research on memory distrust and nonbelieved (NBM) both stress the importance of belief in but no previous research has brought these fields together. In present study, we examined how trait is associated with false NBM, self-esteem as well personality traits. Through two studies (N1 = 280, N2 77, found that higher was NBM frequency, lower self-esteem. As for traits, people who were high agreeab...

In this study, we examined the metabolic activity of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) neurons in individuals clinically diagnosed with no cognitive impairment (NCI, n = 8), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 9), and subjects with moderate Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 7). We used Golgi apparatus (GA) size as a measure of neuronal metabolic activity. Subjects with MCI showed increased NBM metaboli...

Extensive research suggests that basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether volume loss of BF cholinergic compartments parallels structural changes of their innervated regions in prodromal AD. To this aim, we have correlated volume of each BF compartment with cortical thickness and hippocampus/amygdala vol...