In recent years, structures made from monolithic reinforced concrete have been increasingly developed in the field of underground construction. This has possible by development modern tunneling technologies such as NATM and ADECO&RS, which proven themselves abroad. Being low-sedimentation methods construction, they found wide application not only mountain transport but also construction an ...

Abstract As the modernisation of cities, railway road construction and existing lines are demanded during past decades more than before. Demand short travel time is one reasons that we redesign existed roads process. Tunnel ways can shorten in roads. In this study, introduced commonly used tunnel methods, New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), some important points method regarding excavation b...

Slope stability analysis is a geotechnical engineering problem characterized by many sources ofuncertainty. In slope stability computations, some of these sources are encountered, such as geologicaldetails missed in the exploration program, estimation of soil properties that are difficult to quantifyand many other relevant factors. Therefore, accurate reproduction of the spatial variability in ...

The comparison of alternative construction methods is one of the principal reasons for using simulation to model construction processes. The efficiency and effectiveness of such comparisons can be greatly improved by the prudent use of “matched pairs,” a variance reduction technique based on dedicated and fully synchronized random number streams. The basic methodology is illustrated by using th...