tenure of Alan Greenspan as chairman of the Board of Governors has been a steady increase in the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC) willingness to talk openly about the policy decisions that it has made and those it is likely to make in the future. Before the 1990s, central banking was shrouded in mystery, at the Fed as elsewhere. The title of William Greider’s 1987 bestseller about the Fed...

Abstract From the moment it launched its armed insurgency in 1980 until death of former leader September 2021, Peru’s Shining Path mesmerized observers. The Maoist group had a well-established reputation as personality cult whose members were fanatically devoted to Abimael Guzmán, messianic they revered “Presidente Gonzalo.” According this narrative, referred here “Gonzalo mystique,” zealots pr...

OBJECTIVE To test the frictional resistance forces (FRS) generated between several archwires and (1) interactive self-ligating (ISL) brackets and (2) conventionally ligated (CL) brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frictional forces produced between three different archwire combinations and self-ligating (SL) brackets (ceramic and metal-slot or all-metal) and CL brackets (metal or ceramic) were ev...