About 300 carcinogens and non-carcinogens of a wide variety of chemical types have been tested for mutagenicity in the simple Salmonella/microsome test. The test uses bacteria as sensitive indicators for DNA damage, and mammalian liver extracts for metabolic conversion of carcinogens to their active mutagenic forms. Quantitative mutagenicity data from linear dose-response curves are presented: ...

A quantitative structure-activity relationship approach was used to investigate the mutagenicity of a series of seventeen-monosubstituted propylene oxides in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535. Mutagenicity in strain TA100, using a liquid suspension assay, was found to correlate with chemical reactivity, as measured by the rates of reaction with two model bionucleophiles, nicotinam...

Derris brevipes, a common medicinal plant, has multiple uses in traditional system of medicine and in particular it is used as a memory-enhancing agent for centuries. The plant and its extracts have been evaluated for number of activities like anti-inflammatory, cardio-tonic, sedative and neuron-muscular. The plant extract was evaluated for Antimutagenicity and mutagenicity studies in order to ...

We developed a convenient animal experimental model to study the effects of passive smoking on urinary mutagenicity. Rats were individually placed into metabolic cages, and were exposed to a side-stream of cigarette smoke under specific conditions. Then 24-hour urine collections were performed. Mutagenicity was investigated by the Ames test using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA10...

Mutagenic activity of extractable organic matter (EOM), from airborne particles collected over winters in four towns of Czech Republic, was investigated by the means of Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains TA98 and YG1041 using the Ames plate incorporation assay. Mutagenicity of all tested samples showed significant dose-related increase in number of revertants per mg of EOM. The direct mut...

The spiro attachment of an epoxide group to a tetrahydropyran ring in the trichothecene mycotoxins has prompted this study of the mutagenicity and alkylation rates of the trichothecene, anguidine, and 5 related model oxaspiro compounds. While the model compounds were weak alkylating agents of 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine as a test nucleophile, anguidine lacks such activity. Also, while mutagenicit...

The environmental carcinogens nitroarenes are frequently adsorbed by asbestos fibres. An effective dose of 1-nitropyrene was studied in vivo. The mutagenic pattern of excreted urine of orally and intraperitoneally exposed rats was tested by the Ames mutagenicity assay. The characteristics of detected mutagenicity proved to be different in the two routes of exposure. TA 100 mutagenicity was only...

The potential effect of asbestos fibers on mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene was investigated by using the Ames test. Asbestos fibers without a coating of benzo(a)pyrene or benzo(a)pyrene when not dissolved in DMSO lacked any mutagenic effect in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. However, when benzo(a)pyrene was adsorbed onto asbestos, significant numbers of mutated bacteria wer...

10 aryl propylene oxides and 6 aryl butylene oxides were synthesized. Dose-mutagenicity relationships were studied for these compounds and for 1,2-epoxybutane, using both the preincubation and plate incorporation Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535. Structure-mutagenicity relationships were further examined by concurrent testing at single doses with the plate incorpo...

Mutagenicity is one of the numerous adverse properties of a compound that hampers its potential to become a marketable drug. Toxic properties can often be related to chemical structure, more specifically, to particular substructures, which are generally identified as toxicophores. A number of toxicophores have already been identified in the literature. This study aims at increasing the current ...