We study a general equilibrium model with endogenous human capital formation in which ex ante identical groups may be treated asymmetrically in equilibrium. The interaction between an informational externality and general equilibrium effects creates incentives for groups to specialize. Discrimination may arise even if the corresponding model with a single group has a unique equilibrium. The dom...

A basic problem in psychophysics is recovering the mean internal response and noise amplitude from sensory discrimination data. Since these components cannot be estimated independently, several indirect methods were suggested to resolve this issue. Here we analyze the two-alternative force-choice method (2AFC), using a signal detection theory approach, and show analytically that the 2AFC data a...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) calculates the relative efficiency of homogenous decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. Classic DEA models usually suffer from several issues such as: discrimination power, variable weights of inputs/outputs, inaccurate efficiency estimation for small number of DMUs, incapability in working with zero and negative data, and not having exter...

Rational models of category learning can take two different approaches to representing the relationship between objects and categories. The generative approach solves the categorization problem by building a probabilistic model of each category and using Bayes’ rule to infer category labels. In contrast, the discriminative approach directly learns a mapping between inputs and category labels. W...

The effects of signal and noise on contrast discrimination are difficult to separate because of a singularity in the signal-detection-theory model of two-alternative forced-choice contrast discrimination (Katkov, Tsodyks, & Sagi, 2006). In this article, we show that it is possible to eliminate the singularity by combining that model with a binocular combination model to fit monocular, dichoptic...

We develop a new coordination contract of manufacturer-retailer in a distribution system. A revenue sharing contract based on retail price is modelled, which is more practical to handle channel conflict. We also integrate two concepts of CSR (Corporate Sociality Responsible) and Semi-TDPD (Semi Third Degree Price Discrimination) into our model. Semi-TDPD strategy makes it possible to exploit th...