The effect of biomass dynamics on the estimation of watercolumn primary production is analyzed, by coupling a primary production model to a simple growth equation for phytoplankton. The production model is formulated with depthand time-resolved biomass, and placed in the context of earlier models, with emphasis on the canonical solution for watercolumn production. A relation between the canonic...

[1] Glacial boulders and soils on moraines are often dated to quantify the timing of glaciations and/or rates of chemical weathering in moraine chronosequences. A common assumption is that moraine crest erosion and soil mixing are unimportant. However, several studies suggest moraine denudation may be substantial. We evaluate the magnitude of moraine denudation and soil mixing in the Pinedale (...

The interrannual variability of coastal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies confined off Senegal is explored from a new viewpoint of the ocean-land-atmosphere interaction. The phenomenon may be classified into "coastal Niño/Niña" in the North Atlantic as discussed recently in the Northeastern Pacific and Southeastern Indian Oceans. The interannual variability of the regional mixed-layer tem...

Observations from aircraft, an island station, and two research vessels are used to investigate the development of an elevated mixed layer or land plume over the Arabian sea during the Indian Ocean Experiment Intensive Field Phase 1999 (INDOEX) through air mass modification. Much of the transport of aerosols and gases occurs in this plume located above a well-mixed convective marine boundary la...

The ocean’s effect on weather and climate is governed largely by processes occurring in the few tens of meters of water bordering the ocean surface. For example, water warmed at the surface on a sunny afternoon may remain available to warm the atmosphere that evening, or it may be mixed deeper into the ocean not to emerge for many years, depending on near-surface mixing processes. Local mixing ...

The richness and biogeographical distribution pattern of bacterial and archaeal communities was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene at the surface (15–25 m depth), in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer (DCM; 50 m depth), and deep waters (75–1000 m depth) of the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocea...