Abstract Spatial light modulators have become an essential tool for advanced microscopy, enabling breakthroughs in 3D, phase, and super-resolution imaging. However, continuous spatial-light modulation that is capable of capturing sub-millisecond microscopic motion without diffraction artifacts polarization dependence challenging. Here we present a photothermal spatial modulator (PT-SLM) fast ph...

Abstract Plants are the tallest organisms on Earth; a feature sustained by solute-transporting xylem vessels in plant vasculature. The supported strong cell walls that assembled intricate patterns. Cortical microtubules direct wall deposition and need to rapidly re-organize during development. Here, we establish long-term live-cell imaging of single Arabidopsis cells undergoing proto-xylem tran...

During mitosis, sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite poles, called biorientation. Sister chromatid cohesion resists microtubule forces, generating tension, which provides the signal that biorientation has occurred. How tension silences surveillance pathways prevent cell cycle progression and correct erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments remains unclear. Here we show SU...

ABSTRACT Centrioles are microtubule-based cylindrical structures that assemble the centrosome and template formation of cilia. The proximal part centrioles is associated with pericentriolar material, a protein scaffold from which microtubules nucleated. This activity mediated by γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) whose central role in centrosomal microtubule organization has been recognized for dec...

BACKGROUND The dynamic properties of microtubules depend on complex nanoscale structural rearrangements in their end regions. Members of the EB1 and XMAP215 protein families interact autonomously with microtubule ends. EB1 recruits several other proteins to growing microtubule ends and has seemingly antagonistic effects on microtubule dynamics: it induces catastrophes, and it increases growth v...

Kinesins that influence the dynamics of microtubule growth and shrinkage require the ability to distinguish between the microtubule end and the microtubule lattice. The microtubule depolymerizing kinesin MCAK has been shown to specifically recognize the microtubule end. This ability is key to the action of MCAK in regulating microtubule dynamics. We show that the α4-helix of the motor domain is...

Microtubules in permeabilized cells are devoid of dynamic activity and are insensitive to depolymerizing drugs such as nocodazole. Using this model system we have established conditions for stepwise reconstitution of microtubule dynamics in permeabilized interphase cells when supplemented with various cell extracts. When permeabilized cells are supplemented with mammalian cell extracts in the p...

The cytoskeleton is responsible for major internal organization and re-organization within the cell, all without a manager to direct changes. This especially case during mitosis or meiosis, where microtubules form spindle cell division. machinery used segregate genetic material Toward creating self-organized spindles in vitro, we recently developed technique reconstitute into spindle-like assem...

Abstract Centralspindlin, a complex of the MKLP1 kinesin-6 and CYK4 GAP subunits, plays key roles in metazoan cytokinesis. CYK4-binding to long neck region restricts configuration two motor domains centralspindlin. However, it is unclear how modulates interaction with microtubule. Here, we performed three-dimensional nanometry microbead coated multiple molecules on freely suspended We found tha...

BACKGROUND CLIP-170 is a microtubule binding protein specifically located at microtubule plus ends, where it modulates their dynamic properties and their interactions with intracellular organelles. The mechanism by which CLIP-170 is targeted to microtubule ends remains unclear today, as well as its precise effect on microtubule dynamics. RESULTS We used the N-terminal part of CLIP-170 (named ...