Objective(s): The effects of low dose amphetamine on oxidative stress and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity and liver injury were examined in vivo in a mice model of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Male mice were treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, every other day for two weeks, subcutaneously). Mice received either the vehicle or...

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota affects brain development and its function. It is well known compared with conventional mice (SPF), germ-free (GF) display higher exploratory behavior, which normalizes after bacterial colonization. However, little about the underlying mechanisms first critical steps initiating microbiota-gut-brain communication, lead to est...

The consequence of treatment with antibiotics on the gut microbiota can be destructive. antibiotics, however, utilized to understand role host physiology. Earlier, we reported efficacy vancomycin in perturbation. We continued effect restoration kinetics perturbed immunity and behavior Th1 (C57BL/6)- Th2 (BALB/c)-biased mice. studied for two months following withdrawal both mice strains. analyze...

The present study was to investigate the effects of toll-like receptor 4 on transplanted bone marrow stem cells in ischemic brain. Focal cerebral ischemia induced by permanent occlusion middle artery gene knockout mice and wild type control mice. Bone were injected into lateral ventricle. cylinder tests, vivo image, polymerase chain reaction array, etc. applied evaluate neurological function un...

Abstract: Background: Bacterial meningitis is a serious medical disorder that should be treated as soon possible. Aim: The effect of ansamycin nanoformulation on Escherichia coli induced was investigated. Materials and Methods: By injecting directly into the brains Swiss Albino mice, an experimental model established. Results: As expected, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 secretion stimulated, following neut...

The blood-brain barrier restricts the administration of drugs for neurological diseases. K16ApoE is an effective drug delivery carrier to deliver across barrier, but it contains acute and high toxicity. toxicity mechanism must be revealed clinical uses. Previous studies hypothesized that was acetylcholinesterase inhibition in brain. However, these used improper buffers AChE assay, further leadi...

Dementia is one of the age related mental problems and a characteristic symptom of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Desmodium gangeticum DC. (Leguminosae) is widely used in Ayurveda for treating various neurological disorders. In the present study, the effectiveness of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum in attenuating scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice was inves...

Objective(s): Long-term exposure to stress leads to memory deficits and certain mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. We aimed to study the effect of gallic acid (GA) on chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced anxiety and memory deficits in male BALB/c mice.Materials and Methods: Ninety male BALB/c mice were assigned to nine groups including caged control (CC): food-water deprived (FWD)...