The future bloom and risk of blossom frosts for Malus domestica were projected using regional climate realizations and phenological ( = impact) models. As climate impact projections are susceptible to uncertainties of climate and impact models and model concatenation, the significant horizon of the climate impact signal was analyzed by applying 7 impact models, including two new developments, o...

red fleshed apples have high levels of anthocyanins in their flesh. iran enjoys a large variety of these apples due to its location in central asia. in the present study, 20 genotypes including eight iranian red fleshed and 12 commercial iranian and foreign apples were selected for the study of genetic diversity of red fleshed apples. we used a set of 11 microsatellite markers (ssrs) to determi...

In performing Bayesian analysis of a bonus–malus system (BMS) it is normal to choose a parametric structure, π0(λ), in the insurer’s portfolio. According to Bayesian sensitivity analysis the structure function can be modelled by specifying a class Γ of priors instead of a single prior. In this paper, we examine the ranges of the relativities, i.e. δ = E[λπ(λ|data)]/E[λπ(λ)], π ∈ Γ . We illustra...

The red fleshed fruits of Malus profusion represent gradual color loss during high temperature in summer, potentially due to active degradation of anthocyanin. The objective of this study was to examine both physiological and molecular evidence of anthocyanin degradation. Malus crabapple fruits were exposed to either room temperature (RT = 18 ± 2°C: 25 ± 2°C) or high temperature (HT = 33 ± 2°C:...

The polarization of light is one the best representations wave character light, having a wide range applications ranging from spectroscopy to sunglasses. relationship between intensity and angle transmission axis polarizer analyzer can be explained by Malus’ law. In this study, an experiment presented that has been designed prove law using simple tools. consists lightproof box analyzer, polariz...

The composition of Malus pumila Mill. cutin from cuticles isolated using ZnCl(2)-HCl reagent has been compared to that isolated by an oxalate-enzymic method. Molecular changes were observed and included the loss of unsaturated components and hydroxyl groups. Such changes may alter the results of physiochemical investigations of cuticles.