In organs, the correct architecture of vascular and ductal structures is indispensable for proper physiological function, and the formation and maintenance of these structures is a highly regulated process. The analysis of these complex, 3-dimensional structures has greatly depended on either 2-dimensional examination in section or on dye injection studies. These techniques, however, are not ab...

Xanthomonas nasturtii was first identified as the cause of black rot watercress (Nasturtium officinale) on plants grown in Florida, USA (Vicente et al., 2017). Similar symptoms had been reported earlier Hawaii (McHugh & Constantinides, 2004) and an unidentified sp. isolated Portugal 2003 from wild (Cruz Since 2017, crops southern Spain have occasionally exhibited small yellow leaf lesions aroun...

Peel tissue of citrus fruit rotted by Penicillium digitatum Sacc. and P. italicum Wehmer was similar in degree of softness and relative water content. Pectolytic enzymes produced by these fungi degraded pectin of the cell wall middle lamella resulting in loss of cell coherence. This pro cess is considered important in aiding hyphal penetration. Rate of development of the decay was not determine...

A series of trials was performed with sheep and goats to compare mechanically shredded with conventionally (control) harvested alfalfa hay. Shredded hay tended to contain less CP and more cell wall constituents than the control; digestibility of NDF in vitro also was increased by shredding. Intake of DM and digestibilities of NDF and ADF were increased in sheep fed shredded hay. Digestibilities...

Three laboratories previously have obtained from Zea mays kernels (milk stage) one or more 6-(substituted)aminopurines capable of greatly promoting cell division in plant tissue cultures.1-3 At least two of the laboratories have worked on a single compound4 which has been identified as 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)aminopurine.5 The name zeatin has been applied to this particular compound.6 O...

Most scientists can point to several important milestones in their careers. Looking back on my journey through the realm of science, I find there have been five important turning points. The first was the period from 1962 to 1965 that I spent as a Fulbright Research Associate at Michigan State University (MSU). In the Department of Agricultural Chemistry at Kyoto University I had been studying ...

Aguado & Marin (2007) analysed the interaction between Cratena peregrina (Gmelin, 1791) and predatory fish in laboratory and field assays, using both live aeolids and artificial models. Penney’s comment (2009) on the article reopens the old question of the role of nematocyst-based defence in nudibranchs. Penney suggests that the defensive mechanism of C. peregrina is chemical because the nemato...