BACKGROUND The prevalence of cataract is higher in developing countries, and in both developed and developing countries more females than males are blind from cataracts. Three epidemiological studies have associated indoor cooking with solid fuels (e.g. wood or dung) and cataract or blindness. However, associations in these studies may have been caused by unmeasured confounding. METHODS A hos...

Davis, B. R. (Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.), and W. H. Ewing. Lipolytic, pectolytic, and alginolytic activities of Enterobacteriaceae. J. Bacteriol. 88:16-19. 1964.-Of 2,262 cultures of Enterobacteriaceae tested, only cultures of Enterobacter liquefaciens (Aerobacter liquefaciens), Serratia, Proteus vulgaris, and P. mirabilis gave evidence of lipolytic activities. None of the cultu...

BACKGROUND Three billion people use solid cooking fuels, and 4 million people die from household air pollution annually. Shifting households to clean fuels, like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), may protect health only if stoves are consistently used. Few studies have used an implementation science framework to systematically assess "de-implementation" of traditional stoves, and none have done so...

Unconventional ways of growing plants, when we return to non-chemical methods of controlling weeds, require new weed control methods. One of the few physical methods, which found wider application in practice, is a flame weeder with heat burners based on the use of gas (LPG). However, the process of practical use of this flame weeder has a number of factors that positively or negatively affect ...

The Basic Electricity Support Tariff (BEST) was designed to advance the welfare of poor households (UCT 2002). Specifically the South African government chose to supply 50kWh Free Basic Electricity (FBE) per month per household. We illustrate an alternative that would cost less, with larger benefits for the poor. By offering electricity for free, FBE distorts the energy choices of poor househol...

A computer based model has been developed by HSE for quantified risk assessment of above ground LPG installaty ions, initially for vessels up to 300 te. A representative set of events and their associated frequencies has been used to predict individual and societal risk levels. Sensitivity studies indicate that the BLEVE event frequency and, to a lesser extent, fireball mass have most significa...

Thermal performance of three different types of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) domestic cooking burners, i.e. a conventional radial flow, a vertical flow and a swirling flow were analyzed by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). PI V diagnostics can explain the burners’ performance from their corresponding flow fields at an impingement area. With the difference of flow patterns, larger atta...