Of 462 Korean Clostridium difficile isolates, 77.5% were toxin B positive but 21.4% were toxin A negative (A(-) B(+)). The binary toxin gene was detected in nine isolates. A higher fluoroquinolone resistance of A(-) B(+) strains may contribute to the increase of these strains. Toxin A detection alone may underdiagnose C. difficile-associated disease.

The venom of an Australian elapid snake, the common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus), was chromatographed on a CM-cellulose CM52 column. One of the neurotoxic components, Acanthophis antarcticus b (toxin Aa b) was isolated in about 9.4% (A280) yield. The complete amino acid sequence of toxin Aa b was elucidated. Toxin Aa b is composed of 73 amino acid residues, with ten half-cystine residu...

Bacillus cereus is a versatile organism which causes two distinct types of food poisoning by producing toxins. Toxin formation in B. very much complex process involving co-regulation multiple genes exerting control at transcriptional, translational and post-translational level such regulations too are often influenced extrinsic factors. A comprehensive understanding factors crucial for holistic...

it is known that the major etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis in man is clostridium difficile. with respect to traditional use of almond paste in the treatment of infantile diarrhea, we studied the effects of the aqueous extract of amygdalus communis (aeac) on the growth and toxin production of clostridium difficile in culture medium and the rabbit ligated ileal loop. three groups of m...

The primary structure of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin B-II has been investigated by automated Edman degradation of the reduced, carboxymethylated protein and of tryptic peptides derived from the maleylated protein. As a result of these studies, the identity of all 55 amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain has been unambiguously determined. Hydroxyproline, an amino acid not normally found in...

Clinical Clostridium difficile isolates of patients with diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis usually produce both toxin A and toxin B, but an increasing number of reports mention infections due to toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (A(-)/B(+)) strains. Thirty-nine clinical toxin A(-)/B(+) isolates, and 12 other unrelated isolates were obtained from Canada, the United States, Poland, the United...