Background—Botulinum toxin A is a potent inhibitor of the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings. Local injection of botulinum toxin has recently been suggested to be helpful in sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia by decreasing sphincter of Oddi pressure. Aims—To explore the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin A on sphincter of Oddi (SO) muscle. Methods—Four piglets underwent duodenoscopy and ...

Abstract Metal-free porous biochars are popularly utilized as catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The enhancement effect of PDS activation fabricated by employing both hard template and alkali metal activating agent has not been explored completely. In addition, the role inherent carbon defect in clearly elucidated. Hence, a series carbonaceous were using sole (KCl), (Na 2 S O 3 ) o...

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist on esophageal and gastric smooth muscle reactivity in a rat hydrocephalus model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hydrocephalus was induced in rats by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. Two weeks after the procedure, memantine (20 mg/kg per day, 2 weeks) was given to rats with hydro...

Aim The aim of this study was to assess the internal consistency, hypothesis testing and criterion-related validity Spanish versions Kihon Checklist (KCL) – original 25-item reduced 15-item for screening frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Methods A cross-sectional carried out between March September 2018 Valencia province (Spain). sample 251 participants recruited. Construct assessed u...

Fetal reduction is a novel method that aims to reduce higher-order gestation lower-order pregnancy both maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. One of the methods fetal by intracardiac injection KCl under ultrasound guidance. Here, we present case series eight women who had undergone reduction. All them were trichorionic triamniotic triplets at time In seven women, was done twin gestation, whe...

The friction coefficients of thin KCl films deposited onto clean iron in ultrahigh vacuum are measured using a tungsten carbide tip. A rapid decrease is found in the friction coefficient from 2 for clean iron to 0:27 0:03 after the deposition of 40 A of KCl. Based on previous contact resistance measurements, this was proposed to be due to the completion of the first layer of KCl. The firstlayer...

Abstract Background and Objective: Vascular abnormality and dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetic state. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether an in vitro exposure of endothelium-intact aortic rings to Melissa officinalis (lemon balm, MO) aqueous extract could have a beneficial effect in rats with subchronic diabetes. Materials and Meth...