The Effects of Increased Intracranial Pressure on Flow Through Major Cerebral A rteries In Vitro • The effect of transmural pressure (TMP) (intraluminal minus extraluminal pressure) on flow was measured for 26 isolated major cerebral arteries from human autopsies. The maximum flow rate through an artery was determined by the perfusion pressure (PP), the maximum vessel caliber, and the presence ...

BACKGROUND Anatomic variety and difficult accessibility of the vertebrobasilar arteries pose considerable problems to conventional ultrasound. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of transcranial color-coded sonography in the distal part of this system. METHODS We insonated the intracranial section of the vertebrobasilar arteries through the foramen magnum window in 24 healthy individuals us...

PURPOSE To describe and evaluate an application of sonography, transorbital color Doppler flow imaging of the carotid siphon and major intracranial arteries, and to compare it with transtemporal color Doppler flow imaging. METHODS The carotid siphon and major arteries at the base of the brain of 50 healthy volunteers were screened using the transorbital color Doppler flow sonography. These ar...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A large percentage of patients with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) show focal neurological signs or have a history of intracranial hemorrhage. The present study used transcranial Doppler sonography to assess the clinical significance of hemodynamic disturbances in the intracranial arteries of patients with an AVM. METHODS Eighteen patients with untreated AV...

Intracranial lipomas are rare lesions. Intracranial lipoma associated with a subcutaneous lipoma is extremely rare. Various vascular abnormalities have been described in association with intracranial lipoma, including distension, kinking, or narrowing of arteries and veins; arteriovenous malformation; and aneurysm. To our knowledge, association of sagittal sinus fenestration, falcine sinus, and...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE South Asians are the most prevalent ethnic group in the world. Intracranial disease is the most common vascular lesion worldwide. METHODS We prospectively studied 200 consecutive ethnic South Asian patients with acute ischemic stroke in Singapore. RESULTS Intracranial large-artery disease was prevalent among 54% of all stroke subtypes and was independently associated ...

Usefulness of transcranial Doppler-derived cerebral hemodynamic parameters in the noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure. Author Wakerley BR1, Kusuma Y, Yeo LL, Liang S, Kumar K, Sharma AK, Sharma VK. Content/Summary Abstract BACKGROUND: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive bedside tool that can evaluate cerebral blood flow hemodynamics in major intracranial arte...

Cephalocervical or intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) can be identified by its characteristic angiographic appearance. Most of these lesions occur adjacent to the C1-2 interspace, characteristically sparing the origins and proximal segments of the major extracranial vessels. Approximately 65% of our patients had bilateral involvement of the cervical internal carotid arteries. Thirty per...

Eight cases of presumed acute occlusion of intracranial arteries, 7 middle cerebral and 1 posterior cerebral, demonstrated the occluded artery as an abnormal high density structure on non-enhanced computed tomography. Three cases underwent subsequent angiography which confirmed the diagnosis. CT scanning is therefore able to visualize acute thromboembolism in the intracranial arteries. In the a...

A 16-year-old boy, who had sudden left-sided hemiplegia, died two weeks following onset of symptoms. A right carotid angiogram showed stenosis at the termination of the internal carotid artery. The middle cerebral artery had a beaded appearance and some of its branches were occluded. A basal "moyamoya" syndrome and transdural anastomoses were present. At autopsy, multiple intracranial dissectin...