Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is used for datasets that are more meaningfully represented in the functional form. Functional principal component analysis, for instance, is used to extract a set of functions of maximum variance that can represent the data. In this paper, a method of Mutual Interdependence Analysis (MIA) is proposed that can extract an equally correlated function with a set of i...

If organizations are multi-agent systems with goals, there must exist a mapping from organizational level goals to agent level tasks. Such a mapping, at least when explicitly recognized (even if not intentionally crafted) is what we think of typically as division of labor. Because the results of the efforts so divided must be integrated back, the division of labor results in interdependence bet...

decentralisation has been described as an empty concept that lacks clarity. yet there is an enduring interest in the process of decentralisation within health systems and public services more generally. many claims about the benefits of decentralisation are not supported by evidence. it may be useful as an organising framework for analysis of health systems but in this context it lacks conceptu...

In terms of its implications for work and production, studies of teamworking have generally relied on concepts of autonomy and flexibility. An in-depth, qualitative case study of the UK Inland Revenue reveals a form of teamworking in which both autonomy and flexibility play little part. It is argued that teamworking in this case is best conceptualised by giving greater weight to interdependence...

Cooperation is fundamental to human societies and widespread among animals, yet explaining how cooperative relationships persist without one party exploiting another remains a challenge. Although it is well established that altruism can be favoured when recipients are relatives or when they reciprocate, it is increasingly being recognized that many behaviours cannot be explained in these terms....

We extend previous research on parameter dynamics of digital filters to examine weight sensitivity and interdependence in feedforward networks. Weight sensitivity refers to the effect of small weight perturbations on the network's output, and weight interdependence refers to the degree of co-linearity between weights. A combined measure of the weight space (τ), defined as the ratio of weight in...

This paper compares n-dimensional random vectors in terms of their interdependence. We adopt the stochastic dominance approach, relating orderings of interdependence expressed directly in terms of joint probability distributions to orderings expressed indirectly through properties of objective functions whose expectations are used to evaluate distributions. Since the expected values of additive...

Anchored in the view that users’ interaction with IT artifacts as social and interpersonal, this study introduces, defines, and examines the effects and consequences of perceived interdependence. This relational variable captures users’ perceptions of how they and the artifact influence each other’s experiences. The results of an experimental study reveal that users’ perceptions of their interd...

Most of the social sciences, including psychology, economics, and subjective social network theory, are modeled on the individual, leaving the field not only a-theoretical, but also inapplicable to a physics of hybrid teams, where hybrid refers to arbitrarily combining humans, machines, and robots into a team to perform a dedicated mission (e.g., military, business, entertainment) or to solve a...