Calculation of odds ratios or hazard ratios by multivariate logistic regression or Cox regression analyses have traditionally been used to show that candidate risk markers provide prognostic information independently of conventional risk markers, but it has become increasingly clear that a statistically significant increase in risk in multivariate models may not represent a clinically meaningfu...

With training, an observer's ability to discriminate similar directions of motion gradually improves. A series of studies reveals that this improvement, (1) is restricted to the trained direction and other, similar directions, (2) persists for at least several months, (4) shows appreciable, but not complete, transfer between the two eyes, and (5) is largely restricted to the stimulated region o...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the addition of data derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to a model incorporating conventional risk variables improves prediction of dementia over 10 years of follow-up. DESIGN Population based cohort study of individuals aged ≥ 65. SETTING The Dijon magnetic resonance imaging study cohort from the Three-City Study, France. PARTICIPANT...

BACKGROUND Framingham-based and Reynolds Risk scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction have not been directly compared in an independent validation cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected a case-cohort sample of the multiethnic Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort, comprising 1722 cases of major CVD (752 myocardial infarctions, 754 ischemic strokes, and 216 other CVD death...

A fundamental question in visual perception is to characterize how information from sensory input is integrated with prior probabilities. The role of prior probabilities is controversial for elementary visual processes, which are often believed to be immune from higher-level influences. In this paper, we demonstrate such influences. We tested human observers' abilities to discriminate stereosco...

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether metabolic biomarkers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) improve diabetes prediction beyond age, anthropometry, and lifestyle risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-cohort study within a prospective study was designed. We randomly selected a subcohort (n = 2,500) from 26,444 participants, of whom 1,962 were diabetes free at baseline. Of the 8...

The selection and implantation of sufficient and appropriate continuous improvement strategy are the key success factors for improving firm performance and enhancement of competitive advantage on manufacturing industries. As a result special role are given to Continuous improvement programs such as Supply Chain Management (SCM), Six-Sigma, Total Quality Management (TQM), Kaizen, Just-in-Time (J...

RESULTSdDuring an average of 2.6 years of follow-up, 153 men (18.4%) and 199 women (16.4%) developed metabolic syndrome. In multivariable-adjusted models, the odds ratio for incident metabolic syndrome comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of adiponectin levels was 0.25 (95% CI 0.14–0.47) in men and 0.45 (0.28–0.74) in women. While serum adiponectin did not improve the area under the ...