1. High-voltage paper-electrophoresis methods have been used for the separation of (32)P-labelled phosphoesters. 2. Evidence is presented which indicates that (32)P-labelled phosphopeptides, obtained after acid hydrolysis of phosphoglyceromutase incubated with impure 2,3-di[(32)P]phosphoglycerate, are derived from phosphoglucomutase contamination. 3. The hydrolysis of 2,3-di[(32)P]phosphoglycer...

Owing to their superior catalytic activity in the extreme conditions, extremozymes have found the potential biotechnological applications for industrial purposes. A robust extracellular protease activity was detected in the culture broth of Salicola marasensis, an extreme halophilic bacterium, after a 48 h-incubation. The effect of different media ingredients in a liquid state fermentation was ...

Two enzymes displaying cyclic GMP-stimulated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity were purified from rat liver to apparent homogeneity: a 'particulate enzyme' found as an integral membrane protein associated with the plasma membrane, and a 'soluble' enzyme found in the cytosol. The physical properties of these enzymes were very similar, being dimers of Mr 134,000, composed in each instance of ...

Slurries of rice-straw cellulose (obtained by delignification and removal of hemicelluloses from the powdered raw material) were subjected to ultrasonic waves at different intensities for various times (constant temperature). Susceptibility of the samples to cellulose-hydrolysis increased initially with pretreatment time, reaching a maximum or a constant level thereafter. Maximum glucose yi...

The hydrolysis of sulfate ester conjugates is frequently required prior to analysis for a range of analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sulfate hydrolysis may be achieved with commercial crude arylsulfatase enzyme preparations such as that derived from Helix pomatia but these contain additional enzyme activities such as glucuronidase, oxidase, and reduct...

An improved model for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is developed that considers oligomer reactions with beta-glucanases, inhibition of oligomers to cellulases and enzyme decay processes during hydrolysis. Our oligomer reactions with beta-glucanases are modeled based on the enzymatic glucan chain fragmentation kinetics to describe the further fragmentation of oligomers in solution after bein...

The antibacterial properties of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) against Gram-positive bacteria as a result of membrane hydrolysis have been reported. Using Micrococcus luteus as a model system, we demonstrate the very high specificity of this human enzyme for such hydrolysis compared with the group IB, IIE, IIF, V, and X human secreted phospholipase A(2)s. A unique feature of the gr...

A dilute-acid pretreatment assisted with microwave irradiation was developed to efficiently fabricate nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) the single use of cellulase from Aspergillus niger. The heating and diluted sulfuric acid solution (1, 2, 5, 10 wt. %) in considerably increased NCC yield subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis (feedstock enzyme ratio 2:1) a maximum value 84.4 wt.% less than without pre...

The two red seaweeds, Gracilaria manilaensis and Kappaphycus alvarezii are cultivated in Malaysia for producing agar and carrageenan, respectively. The residues of these seaweeds after removing agar and carrageenan by dilute acid treatment were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase (Cellic CTec 2). In the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis, highest glucose concentration was achiev...

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to isolate a fibrinolytic enzyme from the snake venom of Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus and to investigate its enzymatic characteristics and hemorrhagic activity as a potential pharmacopuncture agent. METHODS The fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated by using chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fibrin plate assay. The c...