We consider the double field formulation of closed bosonic string theory, and calculate Poisson bracket algebra symmetry generators governing both general coordinate local gauge transformations. Parameters these symmetries depend on a coordinate, defined as direct sum initial T-dual coordinate. When no antisymmetric is present, $C$-bracket appears Lie generalization in theory. With introduction...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of no-primer adhesives tested with two different bracket bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were divided into 6 groups of 20 specimens. Two brackets (ODP) with different bracket bases (anchor pylons and 80-gauge mesh) were bonded to the teeth ...

One may introduce at least three different Lie algebras in any Lagrangian field theory : (i) the Lie algebra of local BRST cohomology classes equipped with the odd Batalin-Vilkovisky antibracket, which has attracted considerable interest recently ; (ii) the Lie algebra of local conserved currents equipped with the Dickey bracket ; and (iii) the Lie algebra of conserved, integrated charges equip...

  Objective: Increased enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding leads to increased plaque accumulation and enamel decalcification. Therefore, different methods are employed to achieve smoother enamel surfaces after bracket debonding. This study compared enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal using white stone and tung...

A consistent framework has been put forward to quantize the isentropic, compressible and inviscid fluid model in the Hamiltonian framework, using the Clebsch parameterization. The naive quantization is hampered by the non-canonical (in particular field dependent) Poisson Bracket algebra. To overcome this problem, the Batalin-Tyutin [11] quantization formalism is adopted in which the original sy...

INTRODUCTION Current studies have compared indirect bonding with direct placement of orthodontic brackets; many of these have shown that indirect bonding is generally a more accurate technique. However, the reproducibility of an indirect bonding setup by an orthodontist has yet to be described in the literature. Using cone-beam computed tomography and computer-assisted modeling software, we eva...

To solve the trouble of cervical vertebra disease caused by long working hours, this work is aimed at designing an active monitor stand to achieve best dynamic trajectory planning. The operation system consists image input, face positioning, and robotic arm. According user’s inverse kinematics method used calculate steering angle in each direction, height are adjusted make corresponding selecti...

The number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals that can be received in dense urban areas has increased through the availability of multiple satellite constellations and high sensitivity receivers. However, in these constrained environments, the blockage and reflection of many of the signals by buildings and other obstacles means that poor positioning accuracy remains a problem...

The problem treated here is to find the Hamiltonian structure for an ideal gauge-charged fluid. Using a Kaluza-Klein point of view, we obtain the non-canonical Poisson bracket and the motion equations by a Poisson reduction involving the automorphism group of a principal bundle.

We compute the Poisson bracket relations for the monodromy matrix of the auxiliary linear problem. If the basic Poisson brackets of the model contain derivatives, this computation leads to a peculiar kind of symmetry breaking which accounts for a 'spontaneous quantiza-tion' of the underlying global gauge group. A classification of possible patterns of symmetry breaking is outlined.