The genetic mechanisms controlling organ shape are largely unknown. We show that the Drosophila grain gene is required during development for shaping the adult legs and the larval posterior spiracles. Mutant legs are short and wide rather than long and thin, while the spiracles are flat instead of dome-shaped. We demonstrate that grain encodes the GATAc transcription factor. Analysis of loss-of...

Wild diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome progenitor of common wheat, carries large genetic variation in spikelet and grain morphology. Two differentiated subspecies of Ae. tauschii, subspecies tauschii and strangulata, have been traditionally defined based on differences in spikelet morphology. Here, we first assessed six spikelet shape-related traits among 199 Ae. tauschii accessions...

Grain shape is an important trait for improving rice yield. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for this trait have been identified by using primary F2 mapping populations and recombinant inbred lines, in which QTLs with a small effect are harder to detect than they would be in advanced generations. In this study, we developed two advanced mapping populations (chromosome segment substitu...

Synthetic hexaploid wheat is an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from Aegilops tauschii to common wheat. Wide variation in grain size and shape, one of the main targets for wheat breeding, has been observed among Ae. tauschii accessions. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for grain size and shape variation in the wheat D genome un...

five improved along with three local rice varieties were crossed in a line× tester method in 2001. fifteen f1 hybrids and eight parental genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at rice research institute of iran, rasht, in 2002. the main objective of the research was to estimate the general and specific combining ability and gene action for 10 agrnomic a...

In order to investigate the effects of the grain size distribution and the micro-structure of soils on the mechanical characteristics, some static triaxial compression tests were carried out, and then the relationship of stress-strain and the strength behavior of silty sand were compared among undisturbed samples with different grain size distribution, undisturbed and remolded samples with the ...

Shape is an important morphological characteristic both in animals and plants. In the present study, we examined a method for predicting biological contour shapes based on genome-wide marker polymorphisms. The method is expected to contribute to the acceleration of genetic improvement of biological shape via genomic selection. Grain shape variation observed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms ...

Abstract This paper deals with a fractal analysis of the wear behavior of the grain cutting edges in superabrasive grinding. Fundamental overcut fly grinding experiments for producing individual straight grooves using a grinding tool with multiple grits are carried out to clarify the wear characteristics of the grain cutting edges in the grinding process and then the change in three-dimensional...

Measurement of intensity of shape preferred orientation (SPO) is an important objective of many structural geological investigations. This not only helps in fabric quantification, but also enables in better correlation of the rock fabric with strain and strain-intensity variations that may have implications in regional tectonics. There are several methods available to quantify SPO – e.g. Launea...

Using a near-field scanning optical microscope capable of quantitative polarimetry, we map the anisotropic strain fields associated with individual submicron defects near the fusion boundaries of SrTiO3 bicrystals. Many defects exhibit unexpected spiral-shape strain patterns, whose handedness is believed to be linked to the bicrystal synthesis process. Direct observation of these defect-induced...