â â  in this research, temporal and spatial behavior of subtropical high pressure was studied at the level of 600 hpa. this study has been done using daily data of geopotential height at 12 gmt in ncep/ncar database with spatial resolution of 2.5ã—2.5 degree in a 55 years period including 20089 days from january, 1st, 1951(dey, 11th, 1329) to december, 31st,2005(dey, 10th,1384). at first, the m...

Causal discovery is the process of identifying cause-and-effect hypotheses from observational data. We use causal discovery to construct networks that track interactions around the globe based on time series data of atmospheric fields, such as daily geopotential height data. At last year’s workshop we explained the basic concepts of using this approach to identify climate properties. Here we re...

The occurrence of major avalanche episodes in the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Spain) is estimated by means of the Poisson and the negative binomial distributions, assuming that they are rare events. The differences observed in their spatial distribution along the seven regions in which Eastern Pyrenees have been divided, suggests us to look for spatial variations in the relationship between extreme av...

Results from a global climate model including an interactive parameterization of stratospheric chemistry show how upper stratospheric ozone changes may amplify observed, 11-year solar cycle irradiance changes to affect climate. In the model, circulation changes initially induced in the stratosphere subsequently penetrate into the troposphere, demonstrating the importance of the dynamical coupli...

We apply a novel method to extract the solar cycle signal from stratospheric data. An alternative to traditional analysis is a nonlinear empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. This method is adaptive and therefore highly efficient at identifying embedded structures, even those with small amplitudes. Using this analysis, the geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere can be completely de...

According to general relativity theory (GRT), the clock at a position with lower geopotential ticks slower than an identical one higher geopotential. Here, we provide comparison using non-transportable hydrogen and transportable for altitude transmission based on two-way satellite time frequency transfer (TWSTFT) technique. First, set fifth floor another ground floor, their height difference of...