Fuel injection is systems for supplying high pressurize fuel to maximum mixing of fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. Direct Injection (DI) Systems as used in DI engines, in which the fuel is injected directly into a combustion chamber formed in the clylinder itself. The fuel injector directly injects fuel into the direct fuel injection system. The injector is a very complicated par...

Bio-fuel cells are alternative energy devises based on bio-electrocatalysis of natural substrates by enzymes or microorganisms. Here we review bio-fuel cells and bio-batteries based on the recent literature. In general, the bio-fuel cells are classified based on the type of electron transfer; mediated electron transfer and direct electron transfer or electronic charge transfer (ECT). The ECT of...

TRISO fuel particles, used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR) are composite structures with a nuclear fuel kernel surrounded by alternating layers designed to contain fission products and compensate for radiation damage. As shown in Figure 1, a typical fuel particle contains an inner kernel of nuclear fuel, a low-density buffer layer of pyrocarbon, a dense layer of pyrocarbon coatin...

Consumption of fuel oil is increasing, but it is not accompanied by supply. Transportation sector is spent the most existing fuel. Therefore, it is crucial to look for alternative type of fuel such as biodiesel to overcome the fuel shortage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility on how the investment of waste cooking oil as the biodiesel material production. This study con...

A Synthesis of doped ceria by combustion method is performed. Two types of fuel such asurea and glycine is used to investigate the effect of fuel reactivity and reaction rate on themorphology of the resulted powders. Thermo gravimetric analysis is carried out by (TG/DTA,Rigaku Thermalplus TG 8120) to study the exo–endo temperature of as-received powder. Thecrystalline phases are identified by X...

A second phase of benchmark calculations is proposed for the Beam Interruptions in a Lead-bismuthcooled and MOX-fuelled Accelerator-driven System computational problem. This second phase of calculations aims to extend the beam interruption investigation to prototypical ADSs characterised by larger fuel power densities. To this aim, the computational benchmark is no longer limited to an XADS-typ...

Performance of compression ignition engine is known to be spray characteristics related. Precise experimental information on fuel sprays is of utmost importance to model the fuel spray formation and its development in the engine combustion chamber. The previous experimental work of the present author on non-evaporating sprays produced by using a FIAT single-hole orifice type nozzle and a distri...

background: xylene is known as one of the most toxic of the nervous system. the purpose of this study is to estimate the concentration of xylene in the cabin of the vehicles production in iran. also the effect of ventilation, cigarette smoking, and air freshener inside the vehicle, fuel type and car decorations on the concentration of the substance being studied.   methods: 152 vehicles pride a...

Placing fuel reduction treatments across entire landscapes such that impacts associated with highintensity fire are lessened is a difficult goal to achieve, largely because of the immense area needing treatment. As such, fire scientists and managers have conceptually developed and are refining methodologies for strategic placement of fuel treatments that more efficiently limit the spread and se...