This article examines the basic social science concepts of "power" and "social exchange" in order to determine the possibility and desirability of integrating them. It is argued that: (1) all exchange relationships can be described in terms of conventional power concepts without twisting the common-sense notions that underlie such concepts; (2) most-but not necessarily all-power relationships c...

Stoic behavior is defined as a behavior in which students tend not to seek help with a challenge. We investigated two types of stoic behavior: keeping-off behavior, in which students restrain themselves from requesting help, i.e., keep levels of help support at a minimum, and self-fading behavior, in which students voluntarily lower levels of support on their own volition. Three experiments wer...

This paper argues that the Invertible Construction (IC) in Chinese is a kind of distributive construction. What appears to be an inversion of word order is best understood as the division of the theme NP to be acted upon by a number of agents for an embedded event. This analysis best captures a number of otherwise intractable properties of the IC including the necessarily quantitative interpret...

Knowledge has proven to be a useful and fundamental formalism for reasoning about distributed systems. The application of this formalism, however, entails a loss of volition on the part of processes about which something is known. This loss of volition is often not appropriate in loosely coupled distributed systems. In this paper, we generalize the formal characterization of knowledge into one ...

The aim of this research was to design an intervention program for adolescents and to assess its effects on social and personal development factors. The study used a pretestintervention-posttest design with control groups. 174 subjects participated as sample, aged 12 to 14 (125 were experimental subjects and 49 were control subjects). Before and after the program, six instruments were administe...

Technology-assisted learning systems are being developed at ever increasing rates, and the labels applied to such systems are growing with them. For example, not only do we have e-learning, but we also have hybrid learning, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning), to mention only a few. Considering that technology is being incorporated in virtually all courses, this article uses the s...

among the main factors of friendly commercial and political relations between safavid iran and india were reciprocal needs and policies of safavid kings concerning trade development. thus, various regions of iran, especially isfahan, had became a good market for indian goods. isfahan as a capital of safavid state was a centre of commercial activities of such indians as baniyans, multanians, and...

Mixed-level fractional factorial designs are commonly used in industries but its aliasing relations have not been studied in full rigor. These designs take the form of a product array. Aliasing patterns of mixed level factorial designs are discussed here.